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پاورپوینت کامل پاورانگلیسی هلو ۱۲ اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۳: t is well documented that the content and composition of carotenoid is developmentally regulated and affected by environmental stimuli (Cazzonelli & Pogson, 2010). Light has been reported to be an important environmental factor which can regulate carotenoid metabolism in plants (Wu et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2012, 2015). In tomato irradiated with red light, the accumulation of lycopene, as well as an increase in total carotenoid content, was observed (Alba, Cordonnier-Pratt, & Pratt, 2000; Schofield & Paliyath, 2005). Blue light treatment induced carotenoid accumulation effectively in the juice sacs of Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange (Zhang et al., 2012, 2015).The flesh color of yellow-fleshed peach fruit (Prunus persica L. Batsch) is produced by a group of carotenoids, which is an important factor of nutritional quality and market acceptance (Cazzonelli & Pogson, 2010; Gil, Toms-Barbern, Hess-Pierce, & Kader, 2002).

اسلاید ۴: Recently, it has been reported that the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (PpCCD4) was the major factor in determining carotenoid degradation in white peaches but no correlation was observed between carotenoid accumulation and the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes (Adami et al., 2013; Brandi et al., 2011).Despite recent efforts to understand the molecular biology of carotenogenesis takes place in peaches, several gaps remain in our understanding of the signals and mechanisms involved in carotenoid metabolism. To investigate further how carotenoid accumulation in peach fruit, in this study, firstly the concentrationand composition of carotenoids and the expression of several carotenoidbiosynthetic genes as well as PpCCD4 in fruit peel and pulp were comparatively analysed in two different colored-peaches (‘Jinli’ and ‘Hujing’) during fruit development and maturation.Then, the effect of blue light on carotenoid content and composition, and the expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis and catabolism were investigated in both peach cultivars after harvest.

اسلاید ۵: ۲. Materials and methods 2.1. Plant materials, sample collection, and blue light treatment Two peach cultivars (Prunus persica), ‘Hujing’ and ‘Jinli’, were obtained from the experimental farm of Fenghua Peach Fruit Research Institute (Ningbo, China). Trees were subjected to standard horticultural practices. Fruit ripening stages were defined according to Tonutti, Bonghi, Ruperti, Tornielli, and Ramina(1997) and Gabotti, Negrini, Morgutti, Nocito, and Cocucci (2015). At the desired times, fruit (ten fruit per each of the five plants of each cultivar considered per each ripening stage) of ‘Hujing’ and ‘Jinli’ were picked and quickly transferred to the laboratory, and fruit tissues at 98 (S1), 105 (S2), 120 (S3), 127 (S4), and134 (S5) DAFB were sampled during the spring-summer season of 2015 (Fig. S2).For blue light treatment, fruit of each cultivar at commercial maturity stage were selected for uniform size and color, and then divided into two groups randomly. The blue light treatment was the same as that in our previous publication (Gong et al., 2015).The fruit stored at 10 C in the dark (90% relative humidity) was considered as the control. There were three replicates of eighty fruit each per treatment, and samples were taken initially and at 5-day intervals during storage. All samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at 80 C for RNA extraction.

اسلاید ۶: ۲.۲. Extraction and HPLC analysis of carotenoids Extraction and purification of carotenoids in tissue samples (2 g) were performed according to a previously described method (Tuan et al., 2013; Wright & Kader, 1997). To determine thecarotenoids content in each sample, the HPLC analyses were carried out as previously described by Taylor and Ramsay (2005). 2.3. Total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis Total RNA was isolated using a Plant Total RNA Extraction Kit(Genotheramics, Suzhou, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Extracted RNA was treated with RNase-free DNase (Omega, Norcross, GA) to remove any genomic DNA according to the instruction manual. An aliquot (2 lg) of total RNA was reverse-transcribed with the SuperRT First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (CWBIO, Beijing, China), following the manufacturer’s instructions.