پاورپوینت کامل COASTAL PROCESSES 48 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل COASTAL PROCESSES 48 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: FloodingDiffractionRefractionSediment transport is the one of the important coastal process.The analysis and prediction of sediment transport have great commercial, aesthetic, social, and scientific importance owing to the sustainable development and coastal zone management.

اسلاید ۵: accretion – natural or artificial deposition of sediment in a particular location beach nourishment – the restoration of a beach by the mechanical placement of sand on the beach for recreational and/ or shore protection purposes. cross shore transport – the displacement of sediment perpendicular to the shore erosion – the removal of sediment from a particular location by the action of wind or water. Sediment Transport and Coastal Processes Definitions

اسلاید ۶: groin – shore perpendicular structure, installed singly or as a field of groins, designed to trap sand from the littoral drift system .longshore transport (littoral drift) – the displacement of sediment down the shore (parallel to the shore).offshore transport – movement of sediment or water away from the shore

اسلاید ۷: longshore bar – offshore ridge or mound of sand, gravel or other loose material running parallel to the shore which is submerged (at least at high tide) and located a short distance from the shore.tombolo – the combination of an offshore rock or island which is connected to the beach by a sand spit. sand spit – low tongue of land or a relatively long, narrow shoal extending from the land.

اسلاید ۸: Gabions: Boulders and rocks are wired into mesh cages and usually placed in front of areas vulnerable to heavy to moderate erosion.onshore transport – movement of sediment or water toward the shore.

اسلاید ۹: The offshore Nearshore Beach Coast 1.Coastal profile

اسلاید ۱۰: Figure 1

اسلاید ۱۱: Changes in water level TidesWaves CurrentsStream outflowProcesses responsible for initiating sediment Transportation

اسلاید ۱۲: The areas, most directly affected by the forces of the sea are the beaches, the gulfs, and the nearshore zone regions that experience the full impact of the sea’s energy.There are two general types of dynamic beach response to wave motion:Response to normal conditionResponse to storm conditionCoastal response

اسلاید ۱۳: Normal condition prevail most of the time, and the wave energy is easily dissipated by the beach’s natural defence mechanisms.When storm conditions generates waves containing increased amounts of energy, the coast must respond with extraordinary measures, such as sacrificing large section of beach and dune.Alternate erosion and accretion may be seasonal on some beaches; the winter storm waves erode the beach, and the summer waves rebuilds it.

اسلاید ۱۴: Another nearshore dynamical system is littoral transport – the movement of sediments in the nearshore zone by waves and currents.Littoral transport is divided into two general classes:Longshore transport:Transport parallel to the shore.Onshore-offshore transport:Transport perpendicular to the shore.

اسلاید ۱۵: Sediments are transported as,Bed load transport The bed load is the part of the total load that is more or less in contact with the bed during the transport. It primarily includes grains that roll, slide or bounce along the bed.experiment and theory suggest that the rate of bedload transport (qb) is proportional to the cube of the shear velocity, i.e. qb u *3 ……………………………………………….A Modes of Sediment transport

اسلاید ۱۶: Suspended load transport. It is the part of the total load that is moving in suspension without continuous contact with the bed. The determination of the rate of suspended load transport is straightforward by comparison with measurement of the rate of bedload transport. Wash load transportIt consists of very fine particles transported in water.

اسلاید ۱۷: Figure 2

اسلاید ۱۸: It is the movement of sediments most often sand, along a coast parallel to its shoreline – a zig-zag movement of sed