پاورپوینت کامل آفت کش ۶۸ اسلاید در PowerPoint

توجه : این فایل به صورت فایل power point (پاور پوینت) ارائه میگردد

 پاورپوینت کامل آفت کش ۶۸ اسلاید در PowerPoint دارای ۶۸ اسلاید می باشد و دارای تنظیمات کامل در PowerPoint می باشد و آماده ارائه یا چاپ است

شما با استفاده ازاین پاورپوینت میتوانید یک ارائه بسیارعالی و با شکوهی داشته باشید و همه حاضرین با اشتیاق به مطالب شما گوش خواهند داد.

لطفا نگران مطالب داخل پاورپوینت نباشید، مطالب داخل اسلاید ها بسیار ساده و قابل درک برای شما می باشد، ما عالی بودن این فایل رو تضمین می کنیم.

توجه : در صورت  مشاهده  بهم ریختگی احتمالی در متون زیر ،دلیل ان کپی کردن این مطالب از داخل فایل می باشد و در فایل اصلی پاورپوینت کامل آفت کش ۶۸ اسلاید در PowerPoint،به هیچ وجه بهم ریختگی وجود ندارد

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پاورپوینت کامل آفت کش ۶۸ اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: “Ideal Pesticides”Narrow-Spectrum = kill only target organism.Breaks down easily into safe materialsDoes not move around in the environment.“Non-Ideal Pesticides”Broad-Spectrum = kill more than just the target.Persistent or Can degrade into other cmpds that can be more dangerousMove around in the environment.4

اسلاید ۵: Pre-1940s (First-generation pesticides)Inorganics (Minerals)Contain lead, mercury, and arsenicVery persistent & bioaccumulateOrganics (Botanicals)Plant-derivedBreak down readilyPost-1940s (Second-generation pesticides)Synthetic BotanicalsMade by altering natural botanicalsEx: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)5

اسلاید ۶: ۶

اسلاید ۷: INSECTICIDES : Classified by chemical structure Chlorinated Hydrocarbons = organic cmpd + ClBroad-spectrum, persistentMost are banned (DDT, endosulfan, etc)Rachel Carson: Silent SpringOrganophosphates = organic cmpd + Pmore poisonous than most othersnot persistent, so they’ve replaced most chlorinated hydrocarbonsCarbamates = broad-spectrum, derived from carbamic acidLess toxic to mammals (Carbaryl, Aldicarb)7

اسلاید ۸: HERBICIDESClassified by how they act & what they killSelective Herbicides = kill only certain types of plantsBroad-leaf Herbicides2,4-D & 2,4,5-T common in 1940s2,4,5-T banned by EPA in 1979 due to possible harmful side effects realized after its use in the Vietnam WarGrass HerbicidesNonselective Herbicides = kill all vegetation8

اسلاید ۹: VIETNAM WAR & HERBICIDESUS used mixtures of herbicides to kill vegetation in S.Vietnam to expose hiding places & destroy crops planted by Vietcong: Agent White, Agent Blue, & Agent OrangeNegative environmental impacts:Mangrove forests & hardwood forests destroyedHarmed ecology & economy of S.VietnamNegative health impacts:Agent Orange = 2,4-D & 2,4,5-T combined.Created highly toxic Dioxins during creationBirth defects, stillbirths, female reproductive disorders, soft-tissue cancersBioaccumulated in fish = very high levels in Vietnamese people9

اسلاید ۱۰: Benefits and Problems with PesticidesBenefit: 1:Disease controlFleas, lice and mosquitoes carry diseaseMalaria- mosquito born2.7 million people die each yearFew drugs available, so focus is on killing mosquitoesDDT10

اسلاید ۱۱: DISEASE CONTROLMalaria: carried mostly by female mosquitoesWorldwide: 300-500M people currently suffer, 2.7M die each year.DDT has helped the malaria problem greatly.Sri Lanka: went from 2M cases each year to almost zero with the use of DDT.When spraying stopped, more than 1M cases per year within 4 years.Restarted DDT spraying in 1968DDT still used in at least 20 tropical countries to control mosquitoes.11

اسلاید ۱۲: Benefits and Problems with PesticidesBenefit: 2: Crop ProtectionPests eat and destroy 1/3 of world’s cropsFarmers save $3 to $5 for every $1 they invest in pesticides12

اسلاید ۱۳: Benefits and Problems with PesticidesProblem:1: Evolution of Genetic ResistancePest populations are evolving resistance to pesticides (right)520 insect & mite species & 84 weed species currently resistant13

اسلاید ۱۴: Benefits and Problems with PesticidesProblem: 2:Imbalances the EcosystemSpraying to kill insects can affect birds, rabbits, etc.Despite 33-fold increase in pesticides since the 1940s, crop loss has not really changed14

اسلاید ۱۵: Ecosystem ImbalancesPesticides affect species other than intended pests. Beneficial insects, birds, and others are often killed.Indirectly responsible for killing many natural enemies of the pests (may starve/migrate looking for food after pesticide use)Kill natural enemies directly sometimes eating prey who have pesticides in their bodies15

اسلاید ۱۶: Benefits and Problems with PesticidesProblem:3: Creation of New PestsInfestation of red scale insects on lemons after DDT sprayed to control another pest16

اسلاید ۱۷: Benefits and Problems with PesticidesProblem:4: Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Biological MagnificationBioaccumulationThe buildup of a persistent pesticide or other toxic substance in an organisms body17

اسلاید ۱۸: Biological magnificationIncreased concentration of toxic chemicals in tissues of organisms at higher trophic levels18

اسلاید ۱۹: Biomagnification19

اسلاید ۲۰: Benefits and Problems with PesticidesProblem:5: Mobility in the EnvironmentDo not stay where they are appliedMove through soil, water and air20

اسلاید ۲۱: ۲۱NONPOINT SOURCESUrban streetsSuburban developmentWastewater treatment plantRural homesCroplandFactoryAnimal feedlotPOINT SOURCES

اسلاید ۲۲: Risk of Pesticides to Human HealthShort-term Effects of PesticidesHandling food with pesticide residueMild case: nausea, vomiting, headachesSevere case: damage to nervous system, 22

اسلاید ۲۳: Long Term EffectsCan cause cancer (lymphoma, leukemia, brain/lung/testicle/breast)Sterility possible.Higher rates of miscarriageGreater risk: children of ag.workers (birth defects/stunted limbs)Immune system suppressionPotential link to Parkinson’s. 23

اسلای