پاورپوینت کامل Coasts and Reefs 34 اسلاید در PowerPoint
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پاورپوینت کامل Coasts and Reefs 34 اسلاید در PowerPoint
اسلاید ۴: Offshore zoneThe offshore zone lies below fairweather wave base and is therefore unaffected by normal waves.The offshore zone normally only receives fine sediment that settles from suspension (but can receive coarser grained sediment during storms, when wave base is lowered).
اسلاید ۵: Shoreface zone (lower part)The shoreface zone lies above fairweather wave base and is constantly affected by normal waves. The gentle gradient of the lower shoreface results from the smoothing out of sediment associated with the back and forth movement of the waves.
اسلاید ۶: Near the top of the shoreface zone, the base of a wave is slowed down due to friction with the seabedThe wave is oversteepened, and breaks, losing much of its energy.Due to the loss of energy, some sediment can be deposited in sand bars.Shoreface zone (upper part)
اسلاید ۷: Foreshore (The lower part of a beach)Once a wave breaks, its water moves as a sheet upslope as swash, and falls back toward the sea as backwash. The narrow area in which this occurs is called the swash zone.The location of swash zone shifts due to the rising and falling of the water level, associated with tides.The area affected by the swash zone on a daily basis is called the foreshore (between low and high tide marks)
اسلاید ۸: Foreshore (the lower part of a beach)As the flow of swash slows (and eventually stops) in its upper reaches, some of the sediment carried by the water can be deposited. But much of the sediment is returned back down to the upper shoreface due to backwash.
اسلاید ۹: BackshoreBeyond the Foreshore of some beaches is a backshore zone, characterized by dunes. Dunes are constructed by windblown sediment transported from the foreshore and elsewhere. Sediment can also be transported to the backshore area during storms, when big waves can reach far inland (note that a storm beach face can be seen well away from the normal beach face).
اسلاید ۱۰: So where does beach sediment come from Not all shorelines are alike. Whereas some shorelines are dominated by deposition (as is the case for sandy beaches), others are dominated by erosion.Erosional shoreline area(material removed)Depositional shoreline area(material deposited)
اسلاید ۱۱: Shorelines characterized by exposed bedrock and strong wave activity are important suppliers of beach sediment.Minerals of beach sediment derived mostly from eroded rocks along the coast match those of the source rocks.Black sandBasaltSediment from coastal erosionBlack sand beach, Big Island, Hawaii
اسلاید ۱۲: Sediment from rive
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