پاورپوینت کامل (Distributed applications (chapter 19 83 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل (Distributed applications (chapter 19 83 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Use of Abstract and Transfer Syntaxes

اسلاید ۵: ASN.1 ConceptsModule definitionStructured definition of a data structure using ASN.1Name of module used as abstract syntax name

اسلاید ۶: Form of Modules<modulereference>DEFINITIONS::= BEGIN EXPORTS IMPORTS AssignmentsList EndEXPORTSDefinitions which may be imported by other modulesIMPORTSDefinitions to be imported from other modulesAssignmentListType assignments, value assignments, macro definitions<name>::=<description>

اسلاید ۷: Lexical ConventionsLayout not significantComments delimited by pair of hyphens (–) at start and pair of hyphens or end of line end of commentIdentifiers, type references and module names consist of upper and lower case letters, digits and hyphensIdentifier starts with lower case letterType reference or module name begins with upper case letterBuilt in type consists of all upper case letters

اسلاید ۸: Abstract Data TypesCollection of valuesSimpleAtomicNo componentsStructuredHas componentsTaggedDerived from other typesOtherInclude CHOICE and ANY types (see later)

اسلاید ۹: Tag Classes (1)Every data type (except CHOICE and ANY) has associated tagUniversalGenerally usefulApplication independentDefined in standarde.g. Boolean, Integer, Real

اسلاید ۱۰: Tag Classes (2)Application wideRelevant to particular applicationContext specificRelevant to particular applicationApplicable in limited contextPrivateUser defined

اسلاید ۱۱: CHOICE and ANYData types without tagsWhen value assigned, type also assignedType assigned at run timeCHOICEList of alternative known typesOnly one type used to create valueANYArbitrary valueArbitrary type

اسلاید ۱۲: Subtypes (1)Derived from parent typeRestricted subset of valuesMay be nestedSingle value subtypeExplicit listing of all valid valuesContained subtypeUsed to form new subtype from existing subtypesIncludes all values of subtypes it containsValue range subtypeReal and Integer onlySpecify endpoints of range

اسلاید ۱۳: Subtypes (2)Permitted alphabet constraintOnly character stringAll values that can be constructed using sub-alphabetSize constrainedLimits number of items in typee.g. number of bits in bit typeInner type constraintApplied to SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF, SET, SET OF, CHOICEOnly values from parent that satisfy one or more contraints

اسلاید ۱۴: PDU Example (part 1)

اسلاید ۱۵: PDU Example (part 2)

اسلاید ۱۶: PDU Example (part 3)

اسلاید ۱۷: Network Management – SNMPSimple Network Management ProtocolNetworks are becoming indispensableMore complexity makes failure more likelyRequire automatic network management toolsStandards required to allow multi-vendor networksCovering:ServicesProtocolsManagement information base (MIB)

اسلاید ۱۸: Network Management SystemsCollection of tools for network managementSingle operator interfacePowerful, user friendly command setPerforming most or all management tasksMinimal amount of separate equipmenti.e. use existing equipmentView entire network as unified architectureActive elements provide regular feedback

اسلاید ۱۹: Key ElementsManagement station or managerAgentManagement information baseNetwork management protocol

اسلاید ۲۰: Management StationStand alone system or part of shared systemInterface for human network managerSet of management applicationsData analysisFault recoveryInterface to monitor and control networkTranslate manager’s requirements into monitoring and control of remote elementsData base of network management information extracted from managed entities

اسلاید ۲۱: AgentHosts, bridges, hubs, routers equipped with agent softwareAllow them to be managed from management stationRespond to requests for informationRespond to requests for actionAsynchronously supply unsolicited information

اسلاید ۲۲: Management Information BaseMIBRepresentation of network resources as objectsEach object a variable representing one aspect of managed objectMIB is collection of access points at agent for management of stationObjects standardized across class of systemBridge, router etc.

اسلاید ۲۳: Network Management ProtocolLink between management station and agentTCP/IP uses SNMPOSI uses Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)SNMPv2 (enhanced SNMP) for OSI and TCP/IP

اسلاید ۲۴: Protocol CapabilitiesGetSetNotify

اسلاید ۲۵: Management LayoutMay be centralized in simple networkMay be distributed in large, complex networkMultiple management serversEach manages pool of agentsManagement may be delegated to intermediate manager

اسلاید ۲۶: Example of Distributed Network Management Configuration

اسلاید ۲۷: SNMP v1August 1988 SNMP specification issuedStand alone management stations and bridges, routers workstations etc supplied with agentsDefines limited, easily implemented MIB of scalar variables and two dimensional tablesStreamlined protocolLimited functionalityLack of securitySNMP v2 1993, revised 1996RFC 1901-1908

اسلاید ۲۸: SNMP v2 (1)Framework on which network management applications can be builte.g fault management, performance monitoring, accountingProtocol used to exchange ma