پاورپوینت کامل Ferroelectric ceramics:properties processing and applications 63 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Ferroelectric ceramics:properties processing and applications 63 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Ferroelectrics: hysteresis loopSaturation and remanent polarizationCoercive fieldPossibility to reverse the polarizationSmart material: it keeps information (remanent poalrization)

اسلاید ۵: Ferroelectrics: phase transitionFerroelectricity is a phase transition (Curie point)Ferroelectric phase has always lower symmetryExample: BaTiO3 (cubic changes into tetragonal)

اسلاید ۶: Ferroelectrics: summaryPresent spontanous polarizationPolarization can be inversedFerroelectric domainsHysteresis loopFerroelectricity is a phase transitionPiezoelectric and pyroelectric effect

اسلاید ۷: Ceramics is a wide term… The term ceramics covers all inorganic non-metallic materials whose formation is due to the action of heat.So you could think something like this…

اسلاید ۸: …but we are dealing with ADVANCED ceramics!We can control, modify and optimize its properties by tailoring the material!

اسلاید ۹: Properties of ceramicsMechanical: poor toughness (under study)Electrical: semiconductors, superconductors, piezoelectrics, pyroelectrics, ferroelectrics (BaTiO3, PZT…)High resistance to abrasion Excellent hot strengthChemical inertnessWe can tailor properties for specific applications

اسلاید ۱۰: Why are ferroelectric ceramics so importantFERROELECTRICSHigh permittivitiesSpontaneus polarizationElectric conducticity can be controlledPiezoelectric and pyroelectric effectOptical anisotropy, electrooptic an photorefractive deffectCERAMICSBroad range of chemical compositionControl of grain size, porosity…Possibility of varying its shape and size.High resistance to abrasionExcellent hot strengthChemical inertnessAll this properties lead to a lot of potential applications!

اسلاید ۱۱: ۲.Processing of Ferroelectric ceramics

اسلاید ۱۲: ۱. General Procedure of Processing Raw MaterialsMixingSinteringCalciningMillingCharacter -izationPoling Binder Burnout

اسلاید ۱۳: ۱. raw materials Weighing the raw materials according to the stoichiometric formula of the ferroelectric ceramic desired .

اسلاید ۱۴: ۲. Mixing Mixing the powders either mechanically or chemically Mechanical mixing is usually done by either ball milling or attrition milling for a short time. Chemical mixing on the other hand is more homogeneous as it is done by precipitating the precursors in the same container.

اسلاید ۱۵: ۳.Calcination The solid phase reaction takes place between the constituents giving the ferroelectric phase during the calcination step

اسلاید ۱۶: ۴. Milling The lumps are ground by milling after calcining.

اسلاید ۱۷: ۵. binder burnout After shaping, the green bodies are heated very slowly to between 500-600° C in order to remove any binder present.

اسلاید ۱۸: ۶.SinteringAfter the binder burnout is over, the samples are taken to a higher temperature for sintering to take place.

اسلاید ۱۹: ۷.Polingit does not show any piezoelectricity when the ferroelectric ceramic is cooled after sintering . Piezoelectric behavior can be induced in a ferroelectric ceramic by a process called poling .In this process a direct current (dc) electric field with a strength larger than the coercive field strength is applied to the ferroelectric ceramic at a high temperature, but below the Curie point.

اسلاید ۲۰: ۸.Characterization On the application of the external dc field the spontaneous polarization within each grain gets orien