پاورپوینت کامل The Future of Design for Construction Safety 125 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل The Future of Design for Construction Safety 125 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Why Perform DfCSIt is the right thing to doIt is the smart thing to do

اسلاید ۵: U.S. Construction Accident Statistics1Nearly 200,000 serious injuries and 1,200 deaths each year7% of workforce but 21% of fatalitiesEvery statistic had a name…..۱ Bureau of Labor Statistics-2005 photo credit: New York Times

اسلاید ۶: Accidents Linked to Design1,222% of 226 injuries that occurred from 2000-2002 in Oregon, WA and CA42% of 224 fatalities in US between 1990-2003In Europe, a 1991 study concluded that 60% of fatal accidents resulted in part from decisions made before site work began1 Behm, “Linking Construction Fatalities to the Design for Construction Safety Concept”, ۲۰۰۵۲ European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions

اسلاید ۷: Considering Safety During Design Offers the Most Payoff1Conceptual DesignDetailed EngineeringProcurementConstructionStart-upHighLowAbility to Influence SafetyProject Schedule 1 Szymberski 1987

اسلاید ۸: Designing for Safety PaysReduced workers compensation premiumsIncreased productivityFewer delays due to accidentsAllows continued focus on qualityProactive clientsStarting to demand safer construction and safer designs

اسلاید ۹: Example of the Need for DfCSDesign spec:Dig groundwater monitoring wells at various locations.Wells located directly under overhead power lines.Accident:Worker electrocuted when his drill rig got too close to overhead power lines.Engineer could have:specified wells be dug away from power lines; and/orbetter informed the contractor of hazard posed by wells’ proximity to powerlines through the plans, specifications, and bid documents.

اسلاید ۱۰: Example: Parapet WallsIBC paragraph 704.11.1 requires that a parapet wall be at least 30 inches highOSHA 1926 Subpart M requires a 36-42 inch guardrail or other fall protectionIf the design professional specifies a 36-42 inch high parapet wall, fall protection would not be required

اسلاید ۱۱: Example: Anchorage Points

اسلاید ۱۲: Examples: PrefabricationSteel stairsConcrete Wall PanelsConcrete Segmented Bridge

اسلاید ۱۳: DfCS Examples: RoofsSkylightsUpper story windows and roof parapets

اسلاید ۱۴: The Erector Friendly ColumnInclude holes in columns at 21” and 42” for guardrail cables and at higher locations for fall protection tie-offsLocate column splices and connections at reasonable heights above floorProvide seats for beam connections

اسلاید ۱۵: Avoid hanging connectionsDesign connections to bear on columns

اسلاید ۱۶: Avoid awkward and dangerous connection locations

اسلاید ۱۷: Avoid tripping hazards

اسلاید ۱۸: Eliminate sharp corners

اسلاید ۱۹: Provide enough space for making connections

اسلاید ۲۰: Know approximate dimensions of necessary tools to make connections

اسلاید ۲۱: Other DfCS Design ExamplesDesign underground utilities to be placed using trenchless technologies1Specify primers, sealers and other coatings that do not emit noxious fumes or contain carcinogenic products2Design cable type lifeline system for storage towers31 Weinstein et al., “Can Design Improve Construction Safety” (۲۰۰۵)۲ Gambatese et al., “Viability of Designing for Construction Worker Safety” (۲۰۰۵)۳ Behm, “Linking Construction Fatalities to the Design for Construction Safety Concept” (۲۰۰۵)

اسلاید ۲۲: DfCS ResourcesforconstructioOSHA workgroup 2-4 hour powerpointConstruction Industry Institute databaseuction-in/scriptcontent/more/rr101_11_more.cfm CHAIRver.nsw.gov.au/Publications/OHS/SafetyGuides/chairsafetyindesigntool.htmUnited Kingdom Health & Safety Executive designer guidesv.uk/construction/designers/index.htm

اسلاید ۲۳: Example from: v.uk/construction/designers

اسلاید ۲۴: Barriers to DfCS Like many good ideas, DfCS faces barriers:Contract termsAdded costsDesigners’ fear of liabilityDesigners’ lack of knowledgePotential solutions to these barriers involve long-term education and institutional changes.

اسلاید ۲۵: Example Construction Site Accident #1Fall from Elevation

اسلاید ۲۶: Project:McNairy Dam Fish FacilityProject Description:Construction of a laboratory visitor center, a large fish collection facility, and power line from the dam to the visitor’s center.Location:Columbia River, OregonExample Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۲۷: Owner/Engineer:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE)General Contractor: Heart ConstructionElectrical Subcontractor: J&J ElectricScope of work: Install electrical lines and controls throughout the pany owners (brothers):Frank Jones (on-site project superintendent)Jerry Jones (office manager, some work on-site)Example Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۲۸: Project background:Fish containment area consists of an upper working level and a lower fish collection level.Upper level constructed of steel framing supporting galvanized metal removable grating. (3 feet wide x 4 feet long sections)Mechanical and electrical equipment is located on the upper level.Example Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۲۹: Project background:Elevation of lower level is 30 feet below the upper level, except for a concrete ledge along one wall which is 3 feet below the upper level.No permanent access (stairway, ladder, etc.) is available between the upper and lower levels.Lower level is under water during normal operation.Example Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۳۰: April 23:Fish containment area construction complete.Electrical system testing under way.Frank, Jerry, and several Heart employees enter the upper level of the fish containment area to prepare a test of the equipment controls before opening the facility.Example Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۳۱: April 23:Frank and Jerry work on the first control panel.After the first control panel is completed, Jerry proceeds south to the second control panel and begins to work.Frank remains at the first control panel talking to the Heart employees.Example Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۳۲: April 23:Heart employee, George, sees an obstruction on the ledge 3 feet below.George walks over next to Jerry and removes a section of metal grating to go down to the lower level. The section of grating was not secured with fasteners.George jumps down to the ledge (3 feet below) and replaces the grating above him, but does not correctly place the grating over the bolts.Example Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۳۳: April 23:While sliding the grating back into place, George says to Jerry that he didn’t want anyone to step in the opening.Jerry hears George say something, but does not understand because of the high noise level.After a few minutes of working on the second control panel, Jerry calls to Frank to bring him a wrench.Example Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۳۴: April 23:Frank walks over to hand Jerry the wrench.Frank steps on the grating that George replaced and falls through to the lower level 30 feet below.Frank sustains head, back, and neck injuries.Frank now performs only minor office work, rather than on-site work.J&J profits are less since the accident.Example Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۳۵: Additional information:The grating fastener system was not part of the original design. The fastener system was proposed by Heart Construction as a change, and accepted by the Engineer.Special wrenches are required to install and remove the grating fasteners. Two wrenches, owned by Heart, were available on the jobsite. The wrenches were sometimes lost or misplaced and not available. Example Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۳۶: Additional information:Heart Construction held weekly project safety meetings. Jerry attended only one meeting.During previous safety meetings, concerns were brought up about lack of support for the grating sections at locations where portions of the sections were modified. Occasionally wood was placed across the grating to provide additional support.Example Construction Site Accident

اسلاید ۳۷: Additional information:A temporary ladder between the upper and lower levels which was located several yards from the accident site was removed before the accident.Example Constr