پاورپوینت کامل Knowledge-Based Expert Systems 2 46 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Knowledge-Based Expert Systems 2 46 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: ۴Knowledge-Based Expert SystemsThe Nature of ExpertiseThe ‘recognition-based’ phenomenon can be viewed as setting up a key goal in the problem solving process and then attempting to find out data that satisfies the goal. The goal is then broken up into sub-goals and data sought to prove each of the sub-goals. (The sub-goals can be broken into further sub-goals and so on and on).While proving a sub-goal, the experts suspend the goal and try and satisfy individual goals. Once all sub-goals are satisfied then the key goal is deemed to be satisfied and the problem solved!

اسلاید ۵: ۵Knowledge-Based Expert SystemsPneumonia Expert SystemConsider a small chunk of a medical experts knowledge about diagnosing pneumonia and feverrule pneumonia if ‘the patient has chest pain’ &‘the patient has a fever’ &‘the patient produces purulent sputum’then‘the patient has pneumonia’ rule fever if‘the patient has a temperature above 100’then‘the patient has a fever’.The nurse has just come in a with a patient with the following symptoms:‘the patient has a chest pain’ &‘the patient has a temperature above 100’& ‘the patient produces purulent sputum’ And the expert has to deduce whether or not the patient has pneumonia

اسلاید ۶: ۶Knowledge-Based Expert SystemsPneumonia Expert SystemThe nurse has just come in a with a patient with the following symptoms:‘the patient has a chest pain’ &‘the patient has a temperature above 100’& ‘the patient produces purulent sputum’ And the expert has to deduce whether or not the patient has pneumoniaIn order to prove whether or not the patient has pneumonia, the expert has to prove:prove ‘the patient has pneumonia’ GOALprove ‘the patient has a chest pain’ SUB-GOAL prove ‘the patient has a fever’ SUB-GOALprove ‘the patient produces purulent sputum’ SUB-GOAL

اسلاید ۷: ۷Knowledge-Based Expert SystemsIntelligent beings perceive, reason and act. Intelligent beings are creative, learn from their mistakes. Intelligent beings can learn from their environment. Intelligent beings can learn with the help of tutors. Intelligent beings can work on their own/form groups. Intelligent beings have a value system, an exchange system.

اسلاید ۸: ۸Knowledge-Based Expert SystemsMYCIN, microbial infection therapy system comprised over 400 rules of thumb such as below which help in microbial infection therapy, for example in the diagnosis and therapy of meningitis. IF:1) The stain of the organism is grampos, and2) The morphology of the organism is coccus, and3) The growth conformation of the organism is chainsTHEN:There is suggestive evidence (0.7) that the identity of the organism is streptococcus. Each of the antecedent clauses and the consequent clause is essentially a complex relationship between the terms of this subject: the stain, morphology and growth, conformation of an organism and its identity and the attributes of these = grampos, coccus, chains, streptococcus. The rules show the interrelationship between various domain objects (the stain etc.) and how such a relationship could be used to infer new facts. The objects and their attributes, (for example, morphology and its attribute coccus) viewed here as a data structure, are each viewed by the terminologist as terms representing concepts.

اسلاید ۹: ۹Knowledge-Based Expert SystemsThe expert system R1/XCON was used by DEC(now a part of COMPAQ) for configuring computer systems. This system was in routine commercial use and contains over 10,000 rules of the type shown belowIF:The most current active context is assigning a power supply &an sbi module of any type has been put in a cabinet &the position it occupies in the cabinet (its nexus) is known & there is space available in the cabinet for a power supply for that nexus & there is an available power supply THEN: put the power supply in the cabinet in the available space. The above rule is much more complex than the rule shown for MYCIN in that although we are talking about putting the power supply in the cabinet in the available space, each of the domain objects and its attributes is a complex entity in itself: for example an SBI module of any type, the power supply and the available space in the cabinet.

اسلاید ۱۰: ۱۰Knowledge-Based Expert SystemsKnowledge-Based SystemsInputsActionsGoalsEnvironmentMedical diagnosis systemSymptoms, findings, patient’s answersQuestions, tests, treatmentsHealthy patient, minimise costsPatient, hospitalSatellite image analysis systemPixels of varying intensity, colourPrint a categorisation of sceneCorrect categorisationImages from orbiting satellitePart-picking robotsPixels of varying intensityPick up parts and sort into binsPlace parts in correct binsConveyor belt with partsRefinery controllerTemperature, pressure readingsOpen, close valves; adjust temperatureMaximise purity, yield, safetyRefinery

اسلاید ۱۱: ۱۱Knowledge-Based Expert SystemsA conventional computing system C O M P U T E R S Y S T E MU S E R I N T E R F A C ECOMPUTER SYSTEMD A T A B A S EDataFactsA L G O R I T H M (S)

اسلاید ۱۲: ۱۲Knowledge-Based Expert SystemsA Knowledge-Based system C O M P U T E R S Y S T E MU S E R I N T E R F A C ECOMPUTER SYSTEMDataFactsH E U R I S T I C S & A L G O R I T H M (S) K N O W L E