پاورپوینت کامل Software Architecture and the UML 98 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Software Architecture and the UML 98 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Architecting a high rise

اسلاید ۵: Early architectureProgress – Limited knowledge of theory

اسلاید ۶: Modern architectureProgress – Advances in materials – Advances in analysisScale – 5 times the span of the Pantheon – 3 times the height of Cheops

اسلاید ۷: Modeling a house

اسلاید ۸: Movements in civil architectureBronze age/Egyptian (Imhotep)Grecian/Roman (Vitruvius)Byzantine/RomanesqueGothicMannerism (Michelangelo, Palladio)BaroqueEngineering/Rational/National/RomanticArt noveauModern movement (Wright, LeCorbusier)Progress – Imitation of previous efforts – Learning from failure – Integration of other forces – Experimentation

اسلاید ۹: Kinds of civil architectureCommunityhouses, flats and apartments, gardens, education, hospitals, religionCommerceshops and stores, restaurants, hotels, office buildings, banks, airportsIndustryindustrial buildings, laboratories, farm buildingsLeisuresport, theaters and cinemas, museumsNeufert Architect’s DataThe Handbook of Building Types

اسلاید ۱۰: Forces in civil architectureAvoiding failure – Safety factors – Redundancy – EquilibriumCompressionLoadTensionLoadKinds of loads – Dead loads – Live loads – Dynamic loadsAny time you depart from established practice, make ten times theeffort, ten times the investigation. Especially on a very large project. – LeMessuier

اسلاید ۱۱: Shearing layers of change SiteSkinStructureServicesSpace planStuffBrand, How Buildings Learn

اسلاید ۱۲: Dimensions of software complexityHigher technical complexity – Embedded, real-time, distributed, fault-tolerant – Custom, unprecedented, architecture reengineering – High performanceLower technical complexity – Mostly 4GL, or component-based – Application reengineering – Interactive performanceHighermanagement complexity – Large scale – Contractual – Many stake holders – “Projects”Lowermanagement complexity – Small scale – Informal – Single stakeholder – “Products”Defense MIS SystemDefense Weapon SystemTelecom SwitchCASE ToolNational Air TrafficControl SystemEnterprise IS(Family of ISApplications)CommercialCompilerBusinessSpreadsheetIS ApplicationDistributed Objects (Order Entry)Small ScientificSimulationLarge-ScaleOrganization/EntitySimulation An average software project: – 5-10 people – 10-15 month duration – 3-5 external interfaces – Some unknowns & risksEmbeddedAutomotive SoftwareIS ApplicationGUI/RDB (Order Entry)Walker Royce

اسلاید ۱۳: Forces in SoftwareTechnology churnOur enemy is complexity, and it’s our goal to kill it.Jan BaanPerformanceThroughputCapacityAvailabilityFail safeFault toleranceFunctionalityCostCompatibilityResilienceThe challenge over the next 20 years will not be speed or cost or performance;it will be a question of complexity.Bill Raduchel, Chief Strategy Officer, Sun Microsystems

اسلاید ۱۴: The domain of architectingArchitectureQualitiesProcessArchitecture RepresentationThe “what”The “why”The “how”The “who”SystemFeaturesArchitectureS/W RequirementsSystemQuality AttributesSatisfiesConstrainOrganizationArchitectSkillsStakeholdersDefines roleProducesFollowsDefinesTechnologyWojtek Kozaczynski

اسلاید ۱۵: We all know that …Architecture and design are the same thingArchitecture and infrastructure are the same thing<my favorite technology> is the architectureA good architecture is the work of a single architectArchitecture is flat, one blueprint is enoughArchitecture is just structureSystem architecture precedes software architectureArchitecture cannot be measured and validatedArchitecture is a ScienceArchitecture is an ArtPhilippe Kruchten

اسلاید ۱۶: Architecture defined (again)Architecture n (1555) 1: the art of science of building, specifically, the art or practice of designing and building structures and esp. habitable ones 2 a: formation or construction as or as if as the result of conscious act <the ~ of the garden> b: a unifying or coherent form or structure <the novel lacks ~>Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary10th edition

اسلاید ۱۷: Architecture defined (yet again)Software architecture encompasses the set of significant decisions about the organization of a software systemselection of the structural elements and their interfaces by which a system is composedbehavior as specified in collaborations among those elementscomposition of these structural and behavioral elements into larger subsystemarchitectural style that guides this organizationMary Shaw, CMUGrady Booch,Philippe Kruchten,Rich ReitmanKurt Bittner, Rational

اسلاید ۱۸: Architecture defined (continued)Software architecture also involvesusagefunctionalityperformanceresiliencereusecomprehensibilityeconomic and technology constraints and tradeoffsaesthetic concernsMary Shaw, CMUGrady Booch,Philippe Kruchten,Rich ReitmanKurt Bittner, Rational

اسلاید ۱۹: Architectural styleAn architecture style defines a family of systems in terms of a pattern of structural organization.An architectural style definesa vocabulary of components and connector typesa set of constraints on how they can be combinedone or more semantic models that specify how a system’s overall properties can be determined from the properties of its partsMary Shaw, CMU

اسلاید ۲۰: Architecture metamodel

اسلاید ۲۱: ModelsModels are the language of designer, in many disciplinesModels are representations of the system to-be-built or as-builtModels are vehicle for communications with various stakeholdersVisual models, blueprintsScaleModels allow reasoning about some characteristic of the real system

اسلاید ۲۲: Many stakeholders, many viewsArchitecture is many things to many different interested partiesend-usercustomerproject managersystem engineerdeveloperarchitectmaintainerother developersMultidimensional realityMultiple stakeholdersmultiple views, multiple blueprints

اسلاید ۲۳: Architectural viewAn architectural view is a simplified description (an abstraction) of a system from a particular perspective or vantage point, covering particular concerns, and omitting entities that are not relevant to this perspective

اسلاید ۲۴: Architecturally significant elementsNot all design is architectureMain “business” classesImportant mechanismsProcessors and processesLayers and subsystemsArchitectural views = slices through models

اسلاید ۲۵: Characteristics of a Good ArchitectureResilientSimpleApproachableClear separation of concernsBalanced distribution of responsibilitiesBalances economic and technology constraints

اسلاید ۲۶: Representing System ArchitectureLogical ViewEnd-user FunctionalityImplementation ViewProgrammers Software management Process ViewPerformanceScalabilityThroughput System integratorsDeployment ViewSystem topology Delivery, installationCommunicationSystem engineeringConceptualPhysicalUse Case View

اسلاید ۲۷: Relation Between ViewsLogical viewComponent viewProcess viewDeployment view

اسلاید ۲۸: How many viewsSimplified models to fit the contextNot all syste