پاورپوینت کامل Software Processes 50 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Software Processes 50 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: A Generic Process Model (cnt’d)The technical work hierarchy – activities encompassing actions, populated by tasks.Each action is defined by a set of task that defines:the actual work to be completed,the work products to be produced,the quality assurance filters to be applied, andThe milestones that will be used to indicate the project and product progress.Badariah Solemon 2010

اسلاید ۵: Process Activities: Framework and UmbrellaFramework activities : generic activities that are applicable to all software projects, regardless of their size or complexity.Include communication; planning; modeling, construction; and deployment.Umbrella activities:complementary activities applied throughout a software project and help manage and control progress, quality, change, and risk.Include project tracking and control; risk management; software quality assurance (SQA); technical reviews; configuration management (CM); etc.Badariah Solemon 2010

اسلاید ۶: Process FlowDescribes how the framework activities and the actions and tasks that occur within each activity are organized with respect to sequence and time.The flows:Linear – execute the framework activities in sequence.Iterative – repeats one or more of the activities before proceeding to the next.Evolutionary – execute the activities in a ‘circular’ manner.Parallel – executes one or more activities simultaneously with other activities.Badariah Solemon 2010

اسلاید ۷: Process FlowBadariah Solemon 2010

اسلاید ۸: Process Patterns It would be useful if proven solution to the problems, encountered as project team moves through a software process, were readily available , which can be reused in another project. In more general terms, a process pattern provides you with a template [Amb98]—a consistent method for describing problem solutions within the context of the software process.A process pattern describes a process-related problem that is encountered during software engineering work, identifies the environment in which the problem has been encountered, and suggests one or more proven solutions to the problem. Badariah Solemon 2010

اسلاید ۹: Process Assessment and ImprovementApproaches:Standard CMMI Assessment Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI) :Is used to identify strengths, weaknesses, and ratings relative to SEI CMMI appraisal reference model, which is applicable to internal process improvement and external capability determination.CMM-Based Appraisal for Internal Process Improvement (CBA IPI):provides a diagnostic technique for assessing the relative maturity of a software organization; uses the SEI CMM as the basis for the assessment [Dun01]. However, CMM has been retired by SEI since the introduction of CMMI group of standards.SPICE (ISO/IEC15504):standard that defines a set of requirements for software process assessment. The intent of the standard is to assist organizations in developing an objective evaluation of the efficacy of any defined software process. [ISO08]ISO 9001:2000 for Software:a generic standard that applies to any organization that wants to improve the overall quality of the products, systems, or services that it provides. Therefore, the standard is directly applicable to software organizations and companies. [Ant06]Badariah Solemon 2010

اسلاید ۱۰: Prescriptive Process ModelsPromote an orderly, structured approach to SEThat leads to a few questions …If prescriptive process models strive for structure and order, are they inappropriate for a software world that thrives on change Yet, if we reject traditional process models (and the order they imply) and replace them with something less structured, do we make it impossible to achieve coordination and coherence in software workBadariah Solemon 2010

اسلاید ۱۱: Prescriptive Process Models (cnt’d)Waterfall Model – represents elements of a linear process flowV Incremental Model – combines elements of linear and parallel process flowsEvolutionary Model – follows the evolutionary process flow that combines elements of linear and iterative process flowsPrototypingSpiralConcurrent Model – combines elements of iterative and parallel process flowsBadariah Solemon 2010

اسلاید ۱۲: The Waterfall Model* Also known as the classic SDLC* The original Waterfall model proposed by Winston Royce in 1970 made provision for feedback loops, but many organizations apply this model as if it were strictly linear.Represents a linear process flow from communication through deployment.Badariah Solemon 2010

اسلاید ۱۳: The V-ModelA variation in the representation of the Waterfall model.Illustartes how V&V actions are associated with earlier SE action.In reality, there is no fundamentals difference between the Waterfall model and the V-model.Badariah Solemon 2010

اسلاید ۱۴: The Waterfall Model: An AnalysisCharacteristics Strengths Weaknesses Applicability It suggests a systematic, sequential approach to SE, staring from requirements specification going through planning, modeling, construction, testing, deployment and support of the completed system.Each major activity is marked by milestones and deliverables (artifacts i.e. documents).Simple and easy to use/explain to customers.The staged development cycle enforces discipline: every phase has a defined start and end point, and progress can be conclusively identified (through the use of milestones)Real projects rarely follow the linear flow that the model proposes. Although iteration is indirectly allowed, changes are costly, involve significant rework and can cause confusion to project team and involve.The model requires the customer to state all requirements explicitly, which is often very difficult to achieve.The working software will not available until late in the project, which can be disastrous for late discovery of major defects. Leads to “blocking states” in which some project team members must wait for others to complete dependent tasks.When requirements are well understood and unlikely to change radically during system development (e.g.: in a well-defined enhancement to an existing system).When software development technologies and tools are well known.The work tasks in the project are t