پاورپوینت کامل Artificial Intelligence: Past Present and Future 83 اسلاید در PowerPoint

توجه : این فایل به صورت فایل power point (پاور پوینت) ارائه میگردد

 پاورپوینت کامل Artificial Intelligence: Past Present and Future 83 اسلاید در PowerPoint دارای ۸۳ اسلاید می باشد و دارای تنظیمات کامل در PowerPoint می باشد و آماده ارائه یا چاپ است

شما با استفاده ازاین پاورپوینت میتوانید یک ارائه بسیارعالی و با شکوهی داشته باشید و همه حاضرین با اشتیاق به مطالب شما گوش خواهند داد.

لطفا نگران مطالب داخل پاورپوینت نباشید، مطالب داخل اسلاید ها بسیار ساده و قابل درک برای شما می باشد، ما عالی بودن این فایل رو تضمین می کنیم.

توجه : در صورت  مشاهده  بهم ریختگی احتمالی در متون زیر ،دلیل ان کپی کردن این مطالب از داخل فایل می باشد و در فایل اصلی پاورپوینت کامل Artificial Intelligence: Past Present and Future 83 اسلاید در PowerPoint،به هیچ وجه بهم ریختگی وجود ندارد

بخشی از مطالب داخلی اسلاید ها

پاورپوینت کامل Artificial Intelligence: Past Present and Future 83 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: ۴What is Artificial IntelligenceIntelligence: “ability to learn, understand and think” (Oxford dictionary)the study of the capacity of machines to simulate intelligent human behaviour AI is the study of how to make computers make things which at the moment people do better.

اسلاید ۵: ۵What is Artificial IntelligenceDifferent definitions due to different criteriaTwo dimensions:Thought processes/reasoning vs. behavior/actionSuccess according to human standards vs. success according to an ideal concept of intelligence: rationality.Systems that think like humansSystems that think rationallySystems that act like humansSystems that act rationally

اسلاید ۶: ۶Systems that act like humansWhen does a system behave intelligently Turing (1950) Computing Machinery and IntelligenceOperational test of intelligence: imitation gameTest still relevant now, yet might be the wrong question.Requires the collaboration of major components of AI: knowledge, reasoning, language understanding, learning, …

اسلاید ۷: ۷Systems that act like humansTuring Test1990: Loebner Prize established. Grand Prize of $100,000 and a Gold Medal for the first computer whose responses are indistinguishable from a human. (Solid 18 carat, not gold-plated like the Olympic Gold medals)

اسلاید ۸: ۱۰/۰۱/۲۰۱۸۸AISystems that act like humans /p>

اسلاید ۹: ۹Systems that think like humansHow do humans thinkRequires scientific theories of internal brain activities (cognitive model):Level of abstraction (knowledge or circuitry)ValidationPredicting and testing human behaviorIdentification from neurological dataCognitive Science vs. Cognitive neuroscience.Both approaches are now distinct from AIShare that the available theories do not explain anything resembling human intelligence.Three fields share a principal direction.

اسلاید ۱۰: ۱۰Systems that think like humans

اسلاید ۱۱: ۱۱Systems that think like humansSome references;Daniel C. Dennet. Consciousness explained.M. Posner (edt.) Foundations of cognitive scienceFrancisco J. Varela et al. The Embodied MindJ.-P. Dupuy. The mechanization of the mind

اسلاید ۱۲: ۱۲Systems that think rationallyCapturing the laws of thoughtAristotle: What are ‘correct’ argument and thought processesCorrectness depends on irrefutability of reasoning processes.This study initiated the field of logic.The logicist tradition in AI hopes to create intelligent systems using logic programming. Problems:Not all intelligence is mediated by logic behaviorWhat is the purpose of thinking What thought should one have

اسلاید ۱۳: ۱۳Systems that think rationallyA reference;Ivan Bratko, Prolog programming for artificial intelligence.

اسلاید ۱۴: ۱۴Systems that act rationallyRational behavior: “doing the right thing”The “Right thing” is that what is expected to maximize goal achievement given the available information.Can include thinking, yet in service of rational action.Action without thinking: e.g. reflexes.

اسلاید ۱۵: ۱۵Systems that act rationallyTwo advantages over previous approaches:More general than law of thoughts approachMore amenable to scientific development.Yet rationality is only applicable in ideal environments.Moreover rationality is not a very good model of reality.

اسلاید ۱۶: ۱۶Rational agentsAn agent is an entity that perceives and actsThis course is about designing rational agentsAn agent is a function from percept histories to actions:For any given class of environments and task we seek the agent (or class of agents) with the best performance.Problem: computational limitations make perfect rationality unachievable.

اسلاید ۱۷: ۱۷

اسلاید ۱۸: ۱۸Outline What is AIA brief historyFoundation of AIAI Research AreasApplication of AIFuture of AI

اسلاید ۱۹: ۱۹Outline What is AIFoundation of AIA brief historyAI Research AreasApplication of AIFuture of AI

اسلاید ۲۰: ۲۰Foundation of AI

اسلاید ۲۱: ۲۱Foundations of AI Philosophy (423 BC – present):- Logic, methods of reasoning.- Mind as a physical system.- Foundations of learning, language, and rationality.Mathematics (c.800 – present):- Formal representation and proof.- Algorithms, computation, decidability, tractability.- Probability.

اسلاید ۲۲: ۲۲Foundations of AI Psychology (1879 – present):- Adaptation.- Phenomena of perception and motor control.- Experimental techniques.Linguistics (1957 – present):- Knowledge representation.- Grammar.

اسلاید ۲۳: ۲۳Outline What is AIFoundation of AIA brief historyAI Research AreasApplication of AIFuture of AI

اسلاید ۲۴: ۲۴A brief history1943: Warren Mc Culloch and Walter Pitts: a model of artificial boolean neurons to perform computations.First steps toward connectionist computation and learning (Hebbian learning).Marvin Minsky and Dann Edmonds (1951) constructed the first neural network computer1950: Alan Turing’s “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”First complete vision of AI.Idea of Genetic Algorithms

اسلاید ۲۵: ۲۵A brief history (2)The birth of (the term) AI (1956)Darmouth Workshop bringing together top minds on automata theory, neural nets and the study of intelligence.Allen Newell and Herbert Simon: The logic theorist (first nonnumerical thinking program used for theorem proving)For the next 20 years the field was dominated by these participants.Great expectations (1952-1969)Newell and Simon introduced the General Problem Solver.Imitation of human problem-solvingArthur Samuel (1952-)investigated game playing (checkers ) with great success.John McCarthy(1958-) :Inventor of Lisp (second-oldest high-level language)Logic oriented, Advice Taker (separation between knowledge and reasoning)

اسلا