پاورپوینت کامل Graphics Systems 150 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Graphics Systems 150 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Overview (Display Devices)The display systems are often referred to as Video Monitor or Video Display Unit (VDU).

اسلاید ۵: Display HardwareVideo Display DevicesThe primary output device in a graphics system is a monitor.

اسلاید ۶: Video MonitorCathode Ray Tube (CRT)

اسلاید ۷: Electron GunsElectron BeamsFocusing CoilsDeflection CoilsAnode ConnectionShadow MaskPhosphor layerClose-up of the phosphor coated inner side of the screen

اسلاید ۸: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

اسلاید ۹: Refresh CRTLight emitted by the Phosphor fades very rapidly.Refresh CRT: One way to keep the phosphor glowing is to redraw the picture repeatedly by quickly directing the electron beam back over the same points.

اسلاید ۱۰: Electron Gun

اسلاید ۱۱: Electron GunHeat is supplied to the cathode by the filament.

اسلاید ۱۲: Electron GunThe free electrons are then accelerated toward the phosphor coating by a high positive voltage.

اسلاید ۱۳: High Positive VoltageA positively charged metal coating on the inside of the CRT envelope near the phosphor screen.A positively charged metal

اسلاید ۱۴: High Positive VoltageAn accelerating anode .

اسلاید ۱۵: Electron GunIntensity of the electron beam is controlled by setting voltage level on the control grid.

اسلاید ۱۶: Electron GunA smaller negative voltage on the control grid simply decrease the number of electrons passing through.

اسلاید ۱۷: Focusing System

اسلاید ۱۸: Focusing SystemThe focusing system is needed to force the electron beam to converge into a small spot as it strikes the phosphor.Electrostatic focusing is commonly used in computer graphics monitor.

اسلاید ۱۹: Focusing SystemWith electrostatic focusing, the electron beam passes through a positively charged metal cylinder that forms an electrostatic lens.

اسلاید ۲۰: Focusing SystemSimilar lens focusing effects can be accomplished with a magnetic field set up by a coil mounted around the outside of the CRT envelope.

اسلاید ۲۱: Focusing SystemThe distance that the electron beam must travel to different points on the screen varies because the radius of curvature for most CRTs is greater than the distance from the focusing system to the screen center.

اسلاید ۲۲: Focusing SystemThe electron beam will be focused properly only at the center of the screen.As the beam moves to the outer edges of the screen, displayed images become blurred.Dynamically focusing lens work based on beam position.

اسلاید ۲۳: Deflection Systems

اسلاید ۲۴: Deflection SystemsDeflection of the electron beam can be controlled either with electric fields or with magnetic fields.The magnetic deflection coils mounted on the outside of the CRT envelope.

اسلاید ۲۵: Deflection SystemsTwo pairs of coils are used, with the coils in each pair mounted on opposite sides of the neck of the CRT envelope.

اسلاید ۲۶: Deflection SystemsOne pair is mounted on the top and bottom of the neck, and the other pair is mounted on opposite sides of the neck.

اسلاید ۲۷: Deflection SystemsHorizontal deflection is accomplished with one pair of coils, and vertical deflection by the other pairs.The proper deflection amounts are attained by adjusting the current through the coil.

اسلاید ۲۸: Deflection SystemsElectrostatic deflection: Two pairs of parallel plates are mounted inside the CRT envelope.

اسلاید ۲۹: Deflection SystemsOne pair of plates is mounted horizontally to control the vertical deflection, and the other pair is mounted vertically to control horizontal deflection.

اسلاید ۳۰: Spots of Light

اسلاید ۳۱: Spots of LightSpots of lights are produces on the screen by the transfer of the CRT beam energy to the phosphor.Part of the beam energy is converted into heat energy.

اسلاید ۳۲: Spots of LightThe excited phosphor electrons begin dropping back to their stable ground state, giving up their extra energy as small quantums of light energy.

اسلاید ۳۳: PersistencePersistence :The time it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay to one-tenth of its original intensity.

اسلاید ۳۴: Intensity DistributionThe intensity is greatest at the center of the spot, and decrease with Gaussian distribution out to the edges of the spot.

اسلاید ۳۵: Resolution (Spots of Light)Resolution: The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT. Overlap

اسلاید ۳۶: Resolution (Spots of Light)Resolution of a CRT is dependent on:The type of phosphorThe intensity to be displayedThe focusing and deflection systems.Typical resolution: 1280 by 1024

اسلاید ۳۷: Aspect RatioAspect Ratio: This numbers gives the ratio of vertical points to horizontal points necessary to produce equal length lines in both directions on the screen.

اسلاید ۳۸: Electron GunsElectron BeamsFocusing CoilsDeflection CoilsAnode ConnectionShadow MaskPhosphor layerClose-up of the phosphor coated inner side of the electron

اسلاید ۳۹: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)Electron GunDeflection Coils Electron BeamShadow maskBeam passing through maskAnode Connection

اسلاید ۴۰: Raster Scan Displays

اسلاید ۴۱: Raster Scan DisplaysRaster: A rectangular array of points or dotsPixel: One dot or picture element of the rasterScan Line: A row of pixels

اسلاید ۴۲: Raster Scan DisplaysIn a raster scan system, the electron beam is swept across the screen, one row at a time from top to bottom.

اسلاید ۴۳: Raster Scan DisplaysAs the electron beam moves across each row, the beam intensity is turned on and off to create a pattern of illuminated spots.

اسلاید ۴۴: Raster Scan DisplaysPicture definition is stored in a memory area called the refresh buffer or frame buffer.

اسلاید ۴۵: Raster Scan DisplaysRefresh buffer or frame buffer: This memory area holds the set of intensity values for all the screen points.

اسلاید ۴۶: Raster Scan DisplaysStored intensity values then retrieved from refresh buffer and “painted” on the screen one row (scan line) at a time.

اسلاید ۴۷: Raster Scan DisplaysIntensity range for pixel positions depends on the capability of the raster system.A black-and-white system: each screen point is either on or off, so only one bit per pixel is needed to control the intensity of screen positions.

اسلاید ۴۸: Raster Scan DisplaysOn a black-and-white system with one bit per pixel, the frame buffer is called bitmap.For system with multiple bits per pixel, the frame buffer is called pixmap.

اسلاید ۴۹: Raster Scan DisplaysSometimes, refresh rates are described in unit of cycles per second, or Hertz (HZ)

اسلاید ۵۰: Raster Scan DisplaysRefreshing on raster scan displays is carried out at the rate 60 to 80 frame per