پاورپوینت کامل مبانی ساختمان داده ها و الگوریتم ها ۲ ۶۳ اسلاید در PowerPoint

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 پاورپوینت کامل مبانی ساختمان داده ها و الگوریتم ها ۲ ۶۳ اسلاید در PowerPoint دارای ۶۳ اسلاید می باشد و دارای تنظیمات کامل در PowerPoint می باشد و آماده ارائه یا چاپ است

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پاورپوینت کامل مبانی ساختمان داده ها و الگوریتم ها ۲ ۶۳ اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: ۳ObjectivesThe main focus of this course is to introduce you to a systematic study of algorithms and data structure. The two guiding principles of the course are: abstraction and formal analysis.Abstraction: We focus on topics that are broadly applicable to a variety of problems.Analysis: We want a formal way to compare two objects (data structures or algorithms). In particular, we will worry about always correct-ness, and worst-case bounds on time and memory (space).

اسلاید ۵: ۴TextbookTextbook for the course is: Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++ by Mark Allen Weiss But I will use material from other books and research papers, so the ultimate source should be my lectures.

اسلاید ۶: ۵Course OutlineC++ Review (Ch. 1)Algorithm Analysis (Ch. 2)Sets with insert/delete/member: Hashing (Ch. 5) Sets in general: Balanced search trees (Ch. 4 and 12.2)Sets with priority: Heaps, priority queues (Ch. 6)Graphs: Shortest-path algorithms (Ch. 9.1 – ۹.۳.۲)Sets with disjoint union: Union/find trees (Ch. 8.1–۸.۵)Graphs: Minimum spanning trees (Ch. 9.5)Sorting (Ch. 7)

اسلاید ۷: ۶۱۳۰a: Algorithm Analysis Foundations of Algorithm Analysis and Data Structures. Analysis:How to predict an algorithm’s performance How well an algorithm scales upHow to compare different algorithms for a problemData StructuresHow to efficiently store, access, manage data Data structures effect algorithm’s performance

اسلاید ۸: ۷Example AlgorithmsTwo algorithms for computing the Factorial Which one is betterint factorial (int n) { if (n <= 1) return 1; else return n * factorial(n-1);}int factorial (int n) { if (n<=1) return 1; else { fact = 1; for (k=2; k<=n; k++) fact *= k; return fact; }}

اسلاید ۹: ۸Examples of famous algorithmsConstructions of EuclidNewtons root findingFast Fourier TransformCompression (Huffman, Lempel-Ziv, GIF, MPEG)DES, RSA encryptionSimplex algorithm for linear programmingShortest Path Algorithms (Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford)Error correcting codes (CDs, DVDs)TCP congestion control, IP routingPattern matching (Genomics)Search Engines

اسلاید ۱۰: ۹Role of Algorithms in Modern WorldEnormous amount of data E-commerce (Amazon, Ebay)Network traffic (telecom billing, monitoring)Database transactions (Sales, inventory)Scientific measurements (astrophysics, geology)Sensor networks. RFID tagsBioinformatics (genome, protein bank)Amazon hired first Chief Algorithms Officer (Udi Manber)

اسلاید ۱۱: ۱۰A real-world ProblemCommunication in the InternetMessage (email, ftp) broken down into IP packets.Sender/receiver identified by IP address.The packets are routed through the Internet by special computers called Routers.Each packet is stamped with its destination address, but not the route.Because the Internet topology and network load is constantly changing, routers must discover routes dynamically.What should the Routing Table look like

اسلاید ۱۲: ۱۱IP Prefixes and RoutingEach router is really a switch: it receives packets at several input ports, and appropriately sends them out to output ports.Thus, for each packet, the router needs to transfer the packet to that output port that gets it closer to its destination.Should each router keep a table: IP address x Output PortHow big is this tableWhen a link or router fails, how much information would need to be modifiedA router typically forwards several million packets/sec!

اسلاید ۱۳: ۱۲Data StructuresThe IP packet forwarding is a Data Structure problem!Efficiency, scalability is very important.Similarly, how does Google find the documents matching your query so fastUses sophisticated algorithms to create index structures, which are just data structures.Algorithms and data structures are ubiquitous.With the data glut created by the new technologies, the need to organize, search, and update MASSIVE amounts of information FAST is more severe than ever before.

اسلاید ۱۴: ۱۳Algorithms to Process these DataWhich are the top K sellersCorrelation between time spent at a web site and purchase amountWhich flows at a router account for > 1% trafficDid source S send a packet in last s secondsSend an alarm if any international arrival matches a profile in the databaseSimilarity matches against genome databasesEtc.

اسلاید ۱۵: ۱۴Max Subsequence ProblemGiven a sequence of integers A1, A2, …, An, find the maximum possible value of a subsequence Ai, …, Aj.Numbers can be negative.You want a contiguous chunk with largest sum.Example: -2, 11, -4, 13, -5, -2The answer is 20 (subseq. A2 through A4).We will discuss 4 different algorithms, with time complexities O(n3), O(n2), O(n log n), and O(n).With n = 106, algorithm 1 may take > 10 years; algorithm 4 will take a fraction of a second!

اسلاید ۱۶: ۱۵int maxSum = 0;for( int i = 0; i < a.size( ); i++ )for( int j = i; j < a.size( ); j++ ){int thisSum = 0;for( int k = i; k <= j; k++ )thisSum += a[ k ];if( thisSum > maxSum )maxSum = thisSum;}return maxSum;Algorithm 1 for Max Subsequence SumGiven A1,…,An , find the maximum value of Ai+Ai+1+···+Aj0 if the