پاورپوینت کامل Elimination Disorders (Enuresis) 35 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Elimination Disorders (Enuresis) 35 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Epidemiology The point prevalence figures cited in DSM-IV-TR are 7 percent of boys and 3 percent of girls at 5 years of age, 3 percent of boys and 2 percent of girls by 10 years of age. Only 1 percent of boys still wet at age 18 years of age, and still fewer girls wet at this age.Primary Enuresis: Male predominance. decreases with age.Secondary Enuresis: Usually equal in both.Between 3% and 9% of school age girls experience daytime urinary incontinence

اسلاید ۵: Epidemiology DSM-IV-TR also cites a spontaneous remission rate of between 5 percent and 10 percent per year after 5 years of age. Secondary enuresis may occur at any time but most commonly begins between 5 years of age and 8 years of ageMental disorders are present in 20% of patients.Bed Wetting > daytime incontinenceTypical occurs 30 minutes to 3 hours after sleep onset.

اسلاید ۶: Etiology Familial: 70% of children with Enuresis ( particularly boys) have 1st degree relative functional enuresis.Maturational etiology*.Anatomical abnormalities or UTSGiggle incontinenceMedicationsEpidemiologic studies have shown a correlation between psychological disturbance and enuresis.Link to emotional disturbances.Higher rates of behavioral problems(Aپاورپوینت کامل Elimination Disorders (Enuresis) 35 اسلاید در PowerPointiety states, Opposionality, ADHD)Secondary Enuresis related to stress, trauma, or psychological crisis or infection …

اسلاید ۷:

اسلاید ۸: Medical CausesUTIUrethritisDiabetesSickle cell anemiaSeizure disorderNeurogenic bladderAnatomyObstruction

اسلاید ۹: Diagnosis and Clinical Featuresrepeated voiding of urine during the day or at night into bed or clotheswhether involuntarily or intentionallythe behavior is clinically significant as manifested a frequency of at least twice per week for at least three consecutive months or impairment in social, academic (occupational) or other important areas of functioning.”

اسلاید ۱۰: DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria for Enuresis

اسلاید ۱۱: Diagnostic Criteria for Nonorganic EnuresisA. The childs chronological and mental age is at least 5 years.B. Involuntary or intentional voiding of urine into bed or clothes occurs at least twice a month in children younger than 7 years of age and at least once a month in children 7 years of age or older.C. The enuresis is not a consequence of epileptic attacks or of neurological incontinence and is not a direct consequence of structural abnormalities of the urinary tract or any other nonpsychiatric medical condition.D. There is no evidence of any other psychiatric disorder that meets the criteria for other ICD-10 categories.E. Duration of the disorder is at least 3 months.

اسلاید ۱۲: Differential diagnosisGenitourinary pathology such as obstructive uropathy, spina bifida occulta, and cystitis.Diabetes mellitus.Seizures, and side effects of medication, such as antipsychotics or diuretics.Because urinary tract infections can produce enuresis, a urinalysis should be part of every evaluation. Using radiographic procedures with contrast media to detect an anatomical or physiological are invasive and painful, and the diagnostic yield is low.( 3.7%)

اسلاید ۱۳: Course and