پاورپوینت کامل Complementary and Alternative Medicine Science Pseudoscience and Ethics 61 اسلاید در PowerPoint
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پاورپوینت کامل Complementary and Alternative Medicine Science Pseudoscience and Ethics 61 اسلاید در PowerPoint
اسلاید ۴: What is CAMAny health care intervention not offered by traditional “Western” physiciansE.g., chiropractic, massage, acupuncture, homeopathy, distance healing, therapeutic touch, Reiki therapy, aromatherapy, herbs/nutraceuticals
اسلاید ۵: CAMSome are recommended by physicians for certain conditions or people:Chiropractic, massage, acupuncture, aromatherapyProven benefit – e.g., acupuncture for certain types of chronic pain, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting; guided imagery to reduce stress of surgery in children and adults
اسلاید ۶: No Such Thing as CAMGood medicineScientificEvidence-BasedQuality ControlPeer ReviewedHumanistic and Caring
اسلاید ۷: No Such Thing as CAMBad MedicineNon-scientificPoor or No Quality ControlNon-Peer ReviewedImpersonal, Uncaring
اسلاید ۸: CAM is Not Unique in Its Emphasis on:Humanistic health careEmpathy and CompassionEmphasis on healing the mind and body / recognizing the powerful links between the two
اسلاید ۹: CAM is Not Unique in Its Emphasis on:Care involving family, friends, religious practitionersCare emphasizing the “whole patient” or the provider-patient relationship
اسلاید ۱۰: CAM Versus Western MedicineThese attributes are the characteristics of quality medicine and public health, yet have been co-opted by the CAM movement
اسلاید ۱۱: Don’t get sCAMmed by CAMSome CAM is without benefit, some harmfulTherefore, it is important to be able to recognize quackery, pseudoscience and bogus discoveries
اسلاید ۱۲: How Quackery HarmsEconomic harm –individual costsDirect harmMedical – e.g., cyanide toxicity from laetrile, electrolyte imbalances from coffee enemas, quadriplegia from cervical spine manipulationsPsychological – e.g., unjustified guilt, distortion of perspective
اسلاید ۱۳: How Quackery HarmsIndirect harm:E.g., delay in seeking careHarm to Society:Perpetuates pseudoscience, puts other contemporary and future patients at risk
اسلاید ۱۴: Warning Signs of a Bogus Scientific DiscoveryThe discoverer pitches the claim directly to the mediaThe discoverer says that a powerful establishment is trying to suppress his/her workThe scientific effect involved is always at the very limit of detectionEvidence for a discovery is anecdotal
اسلاید ۱۵: Warning Signs of a Bogus Scientific DiscoveryThe discoverer says a belief is credible because it has endured for centuriesThe discoverer has worked in isolationThe discoverer must propose new laws of nature to explain an observation
اسلاید ۱۶: Characteristics of PseudoscienceIndifferent to factsLooks only for evidence supporting hypothesisIndifferent to criteria of valid evidenceRelies heavily on subjective validationDepends on arbitrary conventions of human culture, rather than on unchanging regularities of nature
اسلاید ۱۷: Characteristics of PseudoscienceAvoids putting its claims to meaningful testsOften contradictoryDeliberately creates mystery where none exists, sometimes by omitting important detailsDoes not progressAttempts to persuade with rhetoric, propaganda and misrepresentation
اسلاید ۱۸: Characteristics of PseudoscienceAppeals to false authority, emotion, sentiment, or distrust of established factsExtraordinary claims and fantastic theoriesOften described by an invented vocabulary of words with ambiguous meaningsRelies on anachronistic thinkingAppeals to vanity, fear, magical thinking or desperation
اسلاید ۱۹: Characteristics of PseudoscienceRelies on anecdotes and testimonialsProducts often claim to be effective against a wide range of unrelated diseasesQuick, dramatic results promised for one-time therapies; frequent re-treatments/maintenance treatments required for ongoing therapies$
اسلاید ۲۰: Characteristics of Pseudosci
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