پاورپوینت کامل Traditional and Complementary Medicine 53 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Traditional and Complementary Medicine 53 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Widespread UsageThis is a consumer-led movement:Use of traditional medicine (TM) remains widespread in developing countries: in some Asian and African countries, 80% of the population depend on traditional medicine for primary health care.Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing rapidly in developed countries: in many developed countries, 70% to 80% of the population has used some form of alternative or complementary medicine. More than 100 countries have regulations for herbal medicines.Counterfeit, poor quality, or adulterated herbal products in international markets are serious patient safety threats. Source: WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002–۲۰۰۵; WHO Fact sheet on Traditional Medicine

اسلاید ۵: Terminology of TM/CAM“Traditional medicine” (TM) is used to refer to systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, Indian Ayurveda and Arabic Unani Tibb medicine, and to various forms of indigenous medicine in Africa, Latin America, South-East Asia and the Western Pacific.In countries where the dominant health care system is based on allopathic medicine, or where TM has not been incorporated into the national system, it is termed “complementary and alternative” (CAM). For example in Europe, North America and Australia.When referring in a general sense to all of the regions, the comprehensive TM/CAM is used. Allopathic medicine refers to the broad category of medical practice that is sometimes called Western medicine, biomedicine, scientific medicine, or modern medicine. [also “urban medicine”]Source: WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002–۲۰۰۵

اسلاید ۶: World Health Organization PolicyFramework for action for WHO and its partners, to enable TM/CAM to play a far greater role. Four objectives:Policy: integrate TM/CAM with national health care systems.Safety, efficacy and quality: expand knowledgebase on TM/CAM; provide guidance on regulatory and quality assurance standards. Access: increase availability and affordability of TM/CAM, with an emphasis on access for poor populations. Rational use: promote therapeutically sound use of appropriate TM/CAM by providers and consumers.Source: WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002–۲۰۰۵

اسلاید ۷: Beijing Declaration 8 November 2008 Governments have a responsibility for the health of their people and should formulate national policies, regulations and standards, as part of comprehensive national health systems to ensure appropriate, safe and effective use of traditional medicine. Recognizing the progress of many governments to date in integrating traditional medicine into their national health systems, we call on those who have not yet done so to take action. Governments should establish systems for the qualification, accreditation or licensing of traditional medicine practitioners. The communication between conventional and traditional medicine providers should be strengthened and appropriate training programmes be established for health professionals, medical students and relevant researchers. Source: WHO Beijing Declaration, 8 November 2008

اسلاید ۸: Including TM/CAM in the Health System

اسلاید ۹: TM/CAM Legislation and Policy Source: WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2005.

اسلاید ۱۰: Public Financing for TM/CAMSource: WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2005.“any public contribution to any TM/CAM therapy” South Africa

اسلاید ۱۱: The Professional Boards of the Allied Health Professions CouncilALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS COUNCILPROFESSIONALBOARD 1 FOR:PROFESSIONALBOARD 2 FOR :PROFESSIONALBOARD 3 FOR :PROFESSIONAL BOARD 4 FOR :ChiropracticOsteopathyHomeopathyNaturopathyPhytotherapyTherapeuticAromatherapyTherapeuticMassage TherapyTherapeuticReflexologyAyurvedaChinese Medicine and AcupunctureUnani Tibb3,622 practitioners in May 2007.

اسلاید ۱۲: International Cover for Homeopathy, Naturopathy and Phytotherapy Source: Helen Young (2008) The Incorporation of پاورپوینت کامل Traditional and Complementary Medicine 53 اسلاید در PowerPoint Benefits in Healthcare Funding Systems: A Worldwide Review Of Practice. Unpublished UCT project with Prof McLeod.Available extensively in Europe, the region in which these therapies were developed. Some public coverage elsewhere but not in Africa.

اسلاید ۱۳: International Cover for Trad. Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda and Unani-Tibb Source: Helen Young (2008) The Incorporation of پاورپوینت کامل Traditional and Complementary Medicine 53 اسلاید در PowerPoint Benefits in Healthcare Funding Systems: A Worldwide Review Of Practice. Unpublished UCT project with Prof McLeod.Acupuncture enjoys the most global popularity. South-East Asia, the region of origin of Ayurveda and Unani Tibb, offers extensive public coverage.

اسلاید ۱۴: International Cover for All South African CAM Modalities Source: Helen Young (2008) The Incorporation of پاورپوینت کامل Traditional and Complementary Medicine 53 اسلاید در PowerPoint Benefits in Healthcare Funding Systems: A Worldwide Review Of Practice. Unpublished UCT project with Prof McLeod.Public coverage extensive in Europe and South-East Asia. Globally, public coverage is almost three times more common than private coverage. In total, over one third of the 130 countries considered offer some form of coverage for SA-CAM therapies.

اسلاید ۱۵: Denial and The Power of Exposure

اسلاید ۱۶: “Fall of the Bamboo Curtain”The first definitive study of the use of complementary medicine in the U.S.A. (Eisenberg et al 1993) estimated that more than one-third of Americans used alternative therapies. Three-quarters of this amount was not reimbursed by insurers or medical systems.The Eisenberg study prompted a fundamental reassessment by healthcare funders of the direction in which consumers were leading them. A further study (Eisenberg et al 1998) showed that alternative medicine visits exceeded visits to primary care physicians. Source: Caldis, McLeod and Smith (2001) The Fall of the Bamboo Curtain : A Review of Complementary Medicine in South Africa, South African Actuarial Journal

اسلاید ۱۷: “Fall of the Bamboo Curtain”۱۷ December 1997 was heralded as “The Fall of the Bamboo Curtain”. It marks the date on which the Journal of the American Medical Association committed to publishing papers on complementary therapies as a result of pressure from its readers.Internal surveys show ranking of CAM moving from 68 to “the top three” in the space of one year. AMA editors called for papers on CAM, announced a special issue of JAMA each year on CAM and committed all publications in the group to carrying more reports on CAM topics. John Weeks, editor of the newsletter Alternative Medicine Integration and Coverage, explained the metaphor of the bamboo curtain as “being, appropriately, from the era of the Cold War. The freeze in communication between the medicines, behind which lies were told (on both sides), is officially melting”.Source: Caldis, McLeod and Smith (2001) The Fall of the Bamboo Curtain : A Review of Complementary Medicine in South Africa, South African Actuarial Jou