پاورپوینت کامل Evaluating the Claims of Alternative Medicine 26 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Evaluating the Claims of Alternative Medicine 26 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: What Sort of General Evidence Policy is this How do we reason most of the time When I am considering whether or not X is true, I should believe X when most or all of these conditions are met: a) trusted authority figures, b) friends and family, and/or c) trustworthy people all claim that it is true.My own experience indicates that X mon sense indicates that X is true. Important: Do we actively seek out disconfirming evidence, try to disprove it, or reflect on the adequacy of our information with regard to ~p

اسلاید ۵: How Good of an Epistemic Policy is This Seems pretty good. In lots of ordinary cases, something like this seems to work well—we can recall many times it led to good results or true beliefs.Brit Hume on CBS asserts that 13 American soldiers died in Iraq today. My mother tells me that I was born on July 9th.I see sunny skies and infer that I don’t need to take an umbrella. My 5 year son is running in the house with scissors and I predict a visit to the emergency room if I don’t stop him.

اسلاید ۶: Does This Strategy Work in Less Obvious Matters of Science and MedicineWhen you get a cold, or a backache, or have allergies, it is quite common to hear someone say, “You should try echinacea—I used it and it cleared my cold up right away.”“That new supplement, Airborne, really works if you want to get over the flu.” “I have an herbal tea that cured my back pain.”“If you are going to be on a plane, you need to take some Germbuster—that label says it boosts your immune system.”

اسلاید ۷: Alternative and Complementary Medicine are Enormously PopularSome 60 million Americans use these therapies in the effort to combat serious diseases like cancer and AIDS, as well as the normal physiology of aging. In the United States, office visits to providers of complementary and alternative medicine now outnumber visits to primary care physicians. The costs of such care approach $40 billion dollars a year. Books, talk shows and Web sites present riveting testimonials of clinical benefits from Eastern breathing techniques, dietary supplements, positive thinking and prayer. Groopman, Jerome. “Faith and Healing,” New York Times Book Review, Jan. 27, 2008. 14-15.

اسلاید ۸: Positive Thinking, Stress Reduction, and DiseaseTalk therapy, optimism, and stress reduction improve health/diminish disease, don’t they A widely reported study: Stanford psychologist David Spiegel studied the effects of support grou