پاورپوینت کامل Herbal and Natural Medicines 65 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Herbal and Natural Medicines 65 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: IntroductionDefinitionsFood and Drug Administration (FDA)World Health Organization (WHO)HomeopathyOver 20,000 herbal and other natural products available in the United States.EconomicsWidespread use

اسلاید ۵:

اسلاید ۶: Top-Selling Herbs in Mainstream Market in U.S. 2001 Gingko ($46)Echinacea ($40)Garlic ($39)Ginseng($31)Soy($28)Saw Palmetto ($25)St. John’s wort($24)Valerian($12)Cranberry ($11)Black cohosh ($10)Kava kava ($ 9)Milk thistle ($ 7)Evening primrose ($ 6)Grape seed ($ 4)Bilberry ($ 4)Yohimbe ($ 2)($ in millions; Herbalgram 2002;55:60.)

اسلاید ۷: Top-Selling Herbs in Mainstream Market in U.S. 2002 ( 13.9%)Garlic ($34)Ginkgo ($32)Echinacea ($32)Soy ($28)Saw Palmetto ($23)Ginseng ($21)St. John’s wort($15)Black cohosh($12)Cranberry ($11)Valerian ($ 8)Milk thistle ($ 7)Evening primrose ($ 7)Kava kava ($ 6)Bilberry ($ 3)Grape seed ($ 3)Yohimbe ($ 2)($ in millions; Herbalgram 2003;58:71.)

اسلاید ۸: Herbal versus Conventional MedicationDisappointment with current conventional therapiesFear of safety and long-term effectsLack of effective treatments/cures

اسلاید ۹: Herbal versus Conventional MedicationBelief that herbal products are safe because derived from naturePeer influenceDesire to have control of one’s own healthFalse claims from manufacturers

اسلاید ۱۰: Safety ConsiderationsForty to 70% of patients do not inform physicians about use of alternative therapiesAdverse reactionsOne or more chemical component of the plantInappropriate or incorrect manufacturing processFDA does not require reporting of adverse reactions from alternative therapies (MedWatch and SN/AEMS)Examples: L-tryptophan, ephedra (ma haung)

اسلاید ۱۱: Safety ConsiderationsStandardizationNomenclature and chemical constituents varyMixtures are NOT standardizedLack of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs)Examples: ginseng, ephedraDifficult to identify ingredientsLack of active ingredientContamination

اسلاید ۱۲: Unsafe Herbal TherapiesLicoriceGlycyrrhiza glabraPeptic ulcersHigh doses (pseudoaldosteronism)Use no longer than 6 weeksContraindicationsDrug interactionsDigoxin, furosemideEphedra (ma haung)Ephedra sinicaAnorexiant, decongestant1% ephedrinePalpitations, MIs, deathMaximum recommended dose: 100 mg/24 hoursContraindicationsDrug interactionsTheophylline, digoxin, caffeine

اسلاید ۱۳: EphedraProducts containing ephedra account for 64% of all adverse reactions to herbs in the USLess than 1% of herbal product salesFDA announced ban on 12/30/2003After Mid-March 2004, illegal to manufacture or sell dietary supplements that contain ephedrine and related alkaloidsDoes not include teas

اسلاید ۱۴: Kava (Piper methysticum)Aپاورپوینت کامل Herbal and Natural Medicines 65 اسلاید در PowerPointiety, stress, sleep disorders (kavapyrones)May be effective for short-term treatment of aپاورپوینت کامل Herbal and Natural Medicines 65 اسلاید در PowerPointiety (similar to Valium® and Ativan®)Hepatoxicity: liver failure and liver transplantationFDA warning; Canada and some European countries- market removal Kava dermopathyUse no > 4 weeks; no alcohol/sedating medications; caution when driving or operating heavy machinery

اسلاید ۱۵: FDA Proposed Labeling and Manufacturing Standards Designing/construction of physical plantsEstablishing quality control proceduresTesting manufactured dietary ingredients and supplementsFive out of 18 soy or red clover-containing productsOnly 50 to 80% of declared isoflavonesNiacinAlmost 10 times more niacinFolic acidOnly 35% of what was stated on label

اسلاید ۱۶:

اسلاید ۱۷:

اسلاید ۱۸: United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Dietary Supplement Verification Program (DSVP)

اسلاید ۱۹: Cons

اسلاید ۲۰: NSF International

اسلاید ۲۱: Potential Warfarin-Herb InteractionsGingerAdditive effectAvoid supplements, but small amount in diet should not be problematicGarlicAdditive effectAvoid supplements, but small amount in diet should not be problematicFeverfewAdditive effectMonitor or avoidSt. John’s WortIncreased metabolism & decreased effect of warfarinMonitor or avoid

اسلاید ۲۲: Consumer SurveyHerbal use, products, and willingness to inform health care practitioners 794/1300 surveys returned42% (n=330): Herbal product useCommon herbal products (aloe, garlic, ginseng, echinacea, and St. John’s wort)Women (majority)Higher education (75%)Herbal users = more prescription medicationsHerbal users = negative perception of prescription medicationsPharmacother 2000;20(1):83-7

اسلاید ۲۳: Laws and Regulations1994- Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)Definition (dietary supplements not categorized as food additives) Premarketing approvalBu