پاورپوینت کامل Herbal Remedies and Drug Interactions 62 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Herbal Remedies and Drug Interactions 62 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: A Bit Of HistoryAbout 25% of today’s drugs contain ingredients isolated from plantsSalicylic acid (Aspirin) is derived from while willow barkVincristine (A form of chemotherapy)Morphine is derived from the opium poppy

اسلاید ۵: A Bit Of HistoryIn the US, botanical products are now a $1.5 billion per year industryIt is estimated that 60 to 70% of the American population is taking botanical productsHowever less than one third of these inform their medical practitioners of their use

اسلاید ۶: A Bit Of HistoryBecause herbs are sold as food supplements, companies are not required to prove their efficacy.Side effects or interactions are also not required to be determined or disclosed.No government agency reviews these products for safety, dosage, or quality.

اسلاید ۷: A Bit Of HistoryIn 1994, the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act (DSHEA) was enacted.Created the new category of dietary supplements.This exempts herbal products from the rigorous safety and efficacy testing required by the FDA.

اسلاید ۸: A Bit Of HistoryManufacturers and distributors may now market any herbal or botanical product without prior approval by the FDA as long as the label does not claim effectiveness for the treatment or prevention of a specific disease.Must have a disclaimer stating that the FDA has not evaluated the product.

اسلاید ۹: A Bit Of HistoryThe manufacturer alone is responsible for quality control.The burden of proof regarding safety issues lies with the FDA.

اسلاید ۱۰: A Bit Of HistoryMany products are perfectly safe.However, 2621 adverse events associated with dietary supplements, including 101 deaths, were reported to the FDA over a 5-year period.

اسلاید ۱۱: Common Pitfalls Multiple ingredients are present in the same bottle.Products are sometimes mislabeled or misidentifiedPotency can vary depending on the climate and soil in which the herbs are grown.

اسلاید ۱۲: Common PitfallsWhen a drug is prescribed, the dosage and quality of the product is more or less assured.This is not the case with herbs since there is no real quality control.

اسلاید ۱۳: Drug-Herb InteractionsPharmacokinetic interactions : Having to do with absorption, distribution, and metabolism.Pharmacodynamic interactions: Additive activity meaning that certain herbs increase the actions of certain medications.

اسلاید ۱۴: Pharmacokinetic Interactions: AbsorptionSome herbs have hydrocollated carbohydrate components such as gums and mucliage.These are soluble in water but poorly absorbable.Examples are psyllium, rhubarb, flaxseed, and marshmallow.

اسلاید ۱۵: Pharmacokinetic Interactions: AbsorptionBind to other drugs, particularly when consumed in their whole or powdered forms.Psyllium inhibits the absorption of lithium.Rhubarb and aloe can cause diarrhea which reduces the actions of drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index (digoxin, warfarin)

اسلاید ۱۶: Pharmacokinetic Interactions: AbsorptionIn order to prevent an herb from binding with drugs, the drug should be taken one hour before or two hours after these herbal products.

اسلاید ۱۷: Pharmacokinetic Interactions: DistributionMeadowsweet and black willow contain pain reducing salicylates.These may displace highly protein bound drugs such as warfarin and carbamezepine (Tegretol).This increases the adverse effects of these drugs.Do not take these products concurrently

اسلاید ۱۸: Pharmacokinetic Interactions: MetabolismWhen taken as an herb, licorice decreases the metabolism of corticosteroids.This leads to adverse and toxic effects from the buildup of corticosteroids.St. John’s wort increases the metabolism of drugs in the liver.

اسلاید ۱۹: Pharmacodynamic InteractionsAdditive activityThe hypnotic activity of benezodiazepines is increased by valerian.Anticoagulant action of warfarin is enhanced by ginko

اسلاید ۲۰: Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)Used by elderly persons because of its ability to improve cognitive function in persons with Alzheimer’s and dementia.Reports of bleeding associated with ginkgo use have been reported.

اسلاید ۲۱: Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)Patients ranged from 33 to 78 years oldOne person was taking no othe