پاورپوینت کامل History of major advances in medicine social medicine and hygiene 40 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل History of major advances in medicine social medicine and hygiene 40 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: History of medicine – highlightsepidemics – well known through all of the human historyUntil 16th century every disease in epidemic proportion = “pestis” or “pestilentia”

اسلاید ۵: History of medicine – highlightsBernard de Gordon in 14th c. in “Lilium medicinae” describes communicable diseases like: leprosy, anthrax, trachoma, acute fever, scabies, epilepsy, but does not mention plague, which was a pandemic known as “black death”

اسلاید ۶: History of medicine – highlightsPlague pandemic started in 1332 in India, spread through China and Russia to Constantinople and ItalyIn the middle of 14th c.- whole Asia, Europe and north Africa…wasteland, extinct cities, corps lying around, with no one to bury them

اسلاید ۷: History of medicine – highlights“black death” most prominent in Dalmatia (Split, Zadar, Dubrovnik)In Dubrovnik in 1377 – first quarantine in the world – ۴۰ days of isolation and observation prior to unloading the cargo and people

اسلاید ۸: History of medicine – highlightsDuring 14th and 15th century – other epidemics: variola, disentery, scurvy, laprosy…

اسلاید ۹: History of medicine – highlights Girolamo Fracastoro – theory about invisible germs that spread and cause diseases Through direct contact, via objects, ability to spread far from the source Refutes Galen’s “miasm theory” (poisonous air and fumes)

اسلاید ۱۰: Girolamo Fracastoro”De contagione et contagiosis morbis“ in 1543 – claims that germs multiply, are poisonous, could be destroyed by fireRecommends regular body hygene, clean environment, water and food sanitation, disinfection

اسلاید ۱۱: History of medicine – highlightsIn Italy, Spain… at the end of 15th century and in 16th c. – new epidemic in Europe – syphilis

اسلاید ۱۲: History of medicine – highlightsMicroscope discoveryAntony van Leeuwenhoek in 1670

اسلاید ۱۳: Antony van LeeuwenhoekLeeuwenhoek analyzed blood, saliva, bones, muscles, human eye lens, ect. Achieved magnification up to 40-160 times, later up to 270 times

اسلاید ۱۴: History of medicine – highlightsIn 18th c. doctor from Slovenia Marko Anton Pleni supports the theory about small living creatures which cause communicable diseasesHe hypothesized that different creature causes different, specific diseaseDescribed human immunity, susceptibility, incubation, disease carriers, some diseases (scarlet fever, variola)

اسلاید ۱۵: History of medicine – highlightsAt the end of 18th c. British doctor Edward Jenner noticed that women who milk cows often get cow pox (much more benign than smallpox) and never get sma