پاورپوینت کامل Integrative Medicine (Nutritional Implications) 79 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Integrative Medicine (Nutritional Implications) 79 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Integrative medicineIntegration of these approaches into conventional medicine; nutritional care is a primary therapy in this modelFocused on combined use of conventional and CAM approachesEvidence-basedIncludes wellness and preventionThomson in Krause, p. 471

اسلاید ۵: National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)Part of the National Institutes of Health —Investigates and evaluates alternative therapies and their effectiveness

اسلاید ۶: Theoretical Basis of Holistic TherapiesHealth as a vital, dynamic state; more than the absence of diseaseThe healing force of natureSelf-healing power of living things; organisms have inherent self-defense mechanisms against illnessIncludes naturopathy, chiropractic, homeopathy, traditional Oriental medicine, acupuncture, phytotherapy

اسلاید ۷: Health is more than the absence of disease.The body can heal itself.Integrative TherapiesNaturopathyHomeopathyTraditional Chinese medicineAcupuncturePhytotherapy

اسلاید ۸: NaturopathyPractitioners diagnose and treat at the primary care levelTrain in 4-year postgraduate institutionsMost states require licensureUses natural methods of healing (light, heat, air, water, and massage)Training includes pathology, microbiology, physical and clinical diagnosis, pharmacognosy, hydrotherapy, physical therapy, nutrition, Treatments include phytomedicines, electrotherapy, physiotherapy, minor surgery, mechanotherapy, nutrition, nutritional supplements, and natural forces

اسلاید ۹: Chiropractic ConceptsBody has the ability to heal itself; Practitioner’s role is to assistThe structure and condition of the body influences how well it functionsThe mind-body relationship is important in maintaining health and promoting healingLocate and eliminate subluxations, musculoskeletal problems that interfere with the body’s ability to maintain healthPrimary therapy is manual manipulations, along with lifestyle

اسلاید ۱۰: Chiropractic PractitionersDo not prescribe drugs or perform surgeryLicensed and regulated in all 50 states and 30+ countriesPractitioners must graduate from 4-year accredited college of chiropractic and pass a nationally-administered exam

اسلاید ۱۱: ChiropracticThe most widely-used of the complementary and alternative treatments, particularly for low back pain, neck pain, and headacheEffectiveness is being studied by the Consortial Center for Chiropractic Research, a consortium of chiropractic schools and universities, established by NCCAM

اسلاید ۱۲: HomeopathyLaw of similars: Substances in large doses that produce symptoms of a disease in healthy people will cure the same symptoms when administered in very dilute amountsRemedies become potentized through repeated dilution and succussion (shaking)

اسلاید ۱۳: HomeopathyResults of research on the effectiveness of homeopathy have been contradictoryAppears to have more than a placebo effect, but scientific basis unclearGenerally regarded as safe (many homeopathic remedies are so dilute that the healing substance is nondetectable by chemical means

اسلاید ۱۴: Traditional Chinese MedicineBased on the concept of body life force chi (Qi)Forces that must be balanced—Yin and yang and blood Invisible energy circuits called meridians carry chi and blood throughout the body

اسلاید ۱۵: Nutrition in Traditional Chinese MedicineComponents: Food as a means of obtaining nutrition, food as a tonic or medicine, fastingFoods classified by taste (sour, bitter, sweet, spicy, salty) and property (cool, cold, warm, hot and plain)Regulate yin, yang, chi, blood

اسلاید ۱۶: Acupuncture and MoxibustionAcupuncture: Use of thin needles, inserted into points on the meridians, stimulating the body’s energy or chiMoxibustion: application of heat along meridian acupuncture points, affecting chi and blood, balancing substances and organsTreat disharmony in the body

اسلاید ۱۷: Acupuncture as AnesthesiaHas been used to produce regional anesthesiaAppears to act through needle stimulation, triggering the release of opioidsResearch has been mixedHas been shown to be efficacious in adult postop management, chemotherapy-induced nausea, postoperative dental pain

اسلاید ۱۸: Traditional Chinese HerbsIncludes herbs and minerals as well as animal productsPharmacopoeias published as early as the third century BCMost medicinals include multiple substances

اسلاید ۱۹: PhytotherapyScience of using plant-derived substances to treat and prevent illnessBotanicals: come as bulk herbs, tinctures, capsules and tablets; includes herbs and other plant materialsSometimes the active ingredient has been identified; sometimes notHave a long history of research and use in Europe

اسلاید ۲۰: Botanical FormulationsTeas: weak concentration prepared by steeping fresh/dried herbs for a few minutes in waterInfusions: more concentrated than teas; steeped for 15 minutesDecoction: Most concentrated of beverages; botanical is boiled for 30-60 minutes

اسلاید ۲۱: Botanical FormulationsExtracts: herbs are extracted with an organic solvent to dissolve the active components; concentrated formTincture: extract in which solvent is alcoholGlycerite: extract in which the solvent is glycerol or mixture of glycerol, propylene glycol, and water; more suitable for children

اسلاید ۲۲: Botanical FormulationsCapsules: Herbal material enclosed in a hard shell made from gelatin or celluloseTablets: herbal material is mixed with filler to form the hard tablet; may be coated or uncoatedLozenges (troches): active components are released in the mouth when chewed or suckedSoft gels: used to encase liquid extracts, such as omega-3 fatty acids or vitamin EEssential oils: fragrant, volatile plant oils used for aromatherapy, bathing; not to be used internally unless specifically directed

اسلاید ۲۳: American Herbal Products Assoc Botanical Safety Rating SystemClass 1: herbs that can be safely consumed when used appropriatelyClass 2: herbs for which restrictions apply, e.g. for external use only, not to be used during pregnancy, nursing, etcClass 3: herbs labeled “To be used only under the supervision of an expert qualified in the appropriate use of this substance.”Class 4: insufficient data for classification

اسلاید ۲۴: Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA)Defined dietary supplements as “a product intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other botanical, an amino acid, a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total daily intake, or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combinations of these incredients Reclassified botanicals as dietary supplements, distinct from food or drugs

اسلاید ۲۵: Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA)Plant extracts