پاورپوینت کامل Traditional systems of herbal medicine 51 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Traditional systems of herbal medicine 51 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: These older types of medicine are philosophically based, and are holistic in that they treat the patient as a whole rather than as the ‘owner’ of a disease or malfunctioning organHolistic medicine:An approach to medical care that emphasizes the study of all aspects of a person’s health, including physical, psychological, social, and economic influences on health status

اسلاید ۵: It is necessary for pharmacist to know about the basic principles of the older medical systems for two main reasons:to be in a position to advise patients who may wish to consult an alternative practitioner because traditional use is a common starting point in the ongoing search for new drugsTwo types of traditional medicine have been chosen as an illustration:Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)Ayurveda

اسلاید ۶: Minor or self-limiting disorderssuch ailments include aches and pains, diarrhea, wounds or injuries, and facilitating childbirth, for which a common remedy will be usually offeredThe remedy would usually be an indigenous plant or herb or a remedy obtainable from a local market, and would be well known within the communityThe diseases in traditional systems can be classified as minor or self-limiting disorders, or chronic or serious disorders

اسلاید ۷: Chronic or serious disorders these may be fatal, life-threatening or debilitating conditions, or those that cannot be diagnosed by indigenous healers; they are often considered to have a “supernatural” component e.g. forms of cancer and genetic or metabolic disorders

اسلاید ۸: The doseIn traditional medicine, this usually means a lack of specific dose e.g. calabash, seashell, tumblerTraditional medicine is more concerned with how to take remedy rather than how much this aspect of traditional medicine is very important indeed because it means that highly potent plants are rarely part of a traditional pharmacopoeia and some plants which we now find useful were considered dangerous e.g. foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.)

اسلاید ۹: Correlation of traditional use with scientific evidenceThere may be a correlation between traditional usage and pharmacological action, such as the isolation of antipyretic principles from a ‘fever’ remedy, but, even so, it may turn out different to our expectations. For example: the periwinkle Vinca (Catharanthus) rosa was traditionally used for treating diabetes, but on further investigation yielded the powerful anticancer alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine

اسلاید ۱۰: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

اسلاید ۱۱: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)The study of TCM is a mixture of myth and fact, stretching back well over 5000 yearsChinese medicine is philosophically based, and as an holistic therapy the concept of balance and harmony is supremely important

اسلاید ۱۲: Concepts in TCMQi, the essential life forceQi (or chi) permeates everything. It is transferable.For example:Digestion extracts qi from food and drink and transfers it to the body; and breathing extracts qi from the air and transfers it to the lungs. These two forms of qi meet in the blood and form ‘human qi’, which circulates through the body.

اسلاید ۱۳: Qi, the essential life forceIt is the quality, quantity and balance of qi that determine your state of healthFood and air affect health, so diet and breathing exercises are very importantIt is considered that the original vital energy, qi, is gradually dissipated throughout life, so it is important to conserve it using diet, kung fu, breathing exercise and herbal medicine

اسلاید ۱۴: Yin and YangThe theory of yin and yang still permeates all aspects of Chinese thought. Attributes of both are:Yin: negative/passive/dark/female/waterYang: positive/active/bright/male/fire

اسلاید ۱۵: Yin and YangYin is considered to be the stronger: fire is extinguished by water, and water is ‘indestructible’. So yin is always mentioned before yangYin and yang are always in balance

اسلاید ۱۶: The five elementsThe earth is divided into wood, fire, earth, metal and water. They dominate everything on earth, and each is associated with a vital organ of the body:Heart: fireKidneys: waterLiver: woodLungs: metalSpleen: earth

اسلاید ۱۷: The vital organsThese do not correspond to our organs exactlyExact anatomy was not considered important since it was the relationship between the organs, the five elements, qi and yin and yang that mattered. For example:if a person with a red complexion (fire color) and who laughs a lot (fire sound) may have an over-fired heart; in this case, herbs to sedate the heart will