پاورپوینت کامل The Bullwhip Effect 29 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل The Bullwhip Effect 29 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: The BullWhip Effect4The Beer GameRole-playing simulation developed in the 1960’s at MIT’s Sloan School of ManagementProduction and distribution of beer. Players divide themselves into groups: Retailer, Wholesaler, Distributor, and Brewer. Weekly consumer demand simulated by a deck of cardsRetailer sells from his inventory and reorders from the Wholesaler, who sells from his inventory and reorders from the Distributor, who in turn sells from his inventory and reorders from the Brewer, who finally sells from his inventory and restocks from his production. Order processing delays; Shipping delaysInventory carrying costs; Stockout costs Players base their decisions strictly on the orders they receive from their respective buyers.

اسلاید ۵: The BullWhip Effect5“During the game emotions run high. Many players report feelings of frustration and helplessness. Many blame their teammates for their problems; occasionally heated arguments break out.”“In virtually all cases, the inventory levels of the retailer decline, followed in sequence by a decline in the inventory of the wholesaler, distributor, and factory. As inventory falls, players tend to increase their orders. Players soon stock out. Backlogs of unfilled orders grow. Faced with rising orders and large backlogs, players dramatically boost the orders they place with their supplier. Eventually, the factory brews and ships this huge quantity of beer, and inventory levels surge. In many cases one can observe a second cycle.”John Sterman, one of the original proponents of the Beer Game

اسلاید ۶: The BullWhip Effect6Stakeholders along supply chain Have different and frequently conflicting objectives. Often operated independently.The network can oscillate in very large swings as each organization in the supply chain seeks to solve the problem from its own perspective.

اسلاید ۷: The BullWhip Effect7Variability increases as one moves up the supply chainSource: Johnson & Pike, 1999

اسلاید ۸: The BullWhip Effect8Consequences of the Bullwhip EffectLower revenues. Stockouts and backlogs mean lost sales, as customers take their business elsewhere.Higher costs.High carrying costStockout costDistributors need to expedite orders (at higher shipping expenses)Manufactures need to adjust jobs (at higher setups and changeover expenses, higher labor expenses for overtime, perhaps even higher materials expenses for scarce components.) All entities in the supply chain must also invest heavily in outsized facilities (plants, warehouses) to handle peaks in demand, resulting in alternating under or over-utilization.

اسلاید ۹: The BullWhip E