فایل ورد کامل ارزیابی آفات کش های اسپری برگی و خاکی برای کنترل مگس سفید روی کدوی رشتی

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تعداد صفحات این فایل: ۵ صفحه

 هم چنین تیمار برگی Venom معمولا از رشد نقره برگی جلوگیری و یا آن را متوقف می کند. نتایج مربوط به این فراورده ها شاخصی از مقاومت به گروه های neonicotinoid حشره کش های می باشد. هم چنین دیگر نکرانی مهم نتایج ضعیف مربوط به bifenthrin+orthene بود. این تیمار دو بار در هفته اعمال شد و نتوانست فعالیت و پیشگیری قابل توجهی اعمال کند. رد یابی های آزمایشگاهی نیز نشان داد که مقاومت به bifenthrin وجود داشته و این داده ها حاکی از مقاومت شدید به بیماری می باشند.
Coragen یک ماده شیمیایی جدید برای استفاده در برابر whiteflies. می باشد. اگرچه کورگن موجب کنترل معنی داری در این تست و دیکر تست ها نشد با این حال تحت فشار آفتی بالا عملکرد خوبی را نشان داده است. این می تواند یک ابزاری ارزشمند هم برای مدیریت افت و هم مدیریت مقاومت باشد.

عنوان انگلیسی:Evaluation of soil drench and foliar applied insecticides for control of whitefly on squash~~en~~

Materials and Methods A small plot trail was conducted at the UGA Horticulture Farm in Tifton, Georgia. Squash (var. Destiny III) was direct seeded, with a single row on six foot beds. Once plants emerged, plots were established in a RCB design with three replications. Experimental plots were one row by 19 feet. Although the rows were on six foot beds, for application purposes they were treated as if they were on 3 foot beds. Three insecticide drench treatments were included in the test. Admire Pro was applied at 10.5 oz/ac, Venom at 6 oz/ac and Coragen at 5 oz/ac. Drench treatments were applied shortly after stand establishment (only cotyledons were present). The insecticide required for application to a single plot was mixed in three liters of water. The treatment was poured over the row and the row was immediately drenched with water. The water drench consisted of a 6 to 8 inch band with about 1 gallon per 10 feet. The foliar insecticide treatments evaluated were Venom at 3 oz./ac, Bifenthrin at 0.1 lb AI/ac + Orthene at 0.5 lb AI/ac, Knack at 8 oz/ac + Thiodan at 0.75 lb AI/ac, Oberon at 8.5 oz/ac, and Coragen at 5 oz/ac + DyneAmic 0.5%. A non-treated Check was included for comparison. Foliar insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (60 PSI) in 40 GPA, with 3 hollow-cone nozzles per row (one over-the-top and two on drops). The soil drench applications were applied 11 Sept. Foliar insecticide treatments were applied on 17, 24, and 30 Sept. In addition to the treatments being evaluated, the entire test was treated with bifenthrin at 0.1 lb AI/ac + Orthene at 0.5 lb AI/ac on 14, 20 and 27 Sept. These treatments were intended to aid in whitefly suppression and allow for better evaluation of the experimental treatments under extreme pest pressure. Plots were evaluated for silverleaf symptoms and plant vigor. Silverleaf was rated as follows: 0 = no silverleaf, 1 = light silverleaf with a spotty distribution, 2 = light silverleaf but throughout the plot, 3 = moderate spots of silverleaf in the plot, 4 = moderate silverleaf throughtout the plot, 5 = heavy spots of silverleaf, 6 = heavy silverleaf throughout the plot, 7 = heavy silverleaf and most plants severely stunted, and 8 = most plants in the plot dead Plant vigor ratings consisted of the following: 1 = best plots in the test (most growth), 2 = intermediate plots, 3 = worst plots still alive, and 4 = most plants dead. Data were analyzed with the PROC ANOVA procedure of PC-SAS. Where significant differences were detected (P<0.05), means were separated with LSD (P=0.05)> 65 Results and Discussion It should first be noted that no silverleaf symptoms were noticeable in the test on 21 Sept. (4 days after the first foliar application. On 24 Sept. (7 days after the first foliar application and 13 days after the soil applications) several treatments showed severe silverleaf symptoms and some showed stunting. The Venom foliar treatment provided the most suppression of silverleaf on the first sample date, followed by the three soil treatments with moderate levels of silverleaf. The soil applications had lost their efficacy as silverleaf progressively worsened with subsequent sample dates. The Venom foliar treatment was the only treatment to maintain silverleaf ratings below a 4 for the entire test (4 = moderate symptoms throughout the plot). The Oberon and the Bifenthrin+Orthene treatments generally had no impact on silverleaf development and resembled the Check in development of silverleaf and eventual death of plants. The Coragen foliar treatment did not prevent development of silverleaf, but did maintain plant survival and moderate growth. The Knack+Thiodan treatment appeared to be providing some recovery of the plants as the silverleaf ratings declined on the final sample date.

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