فایل ورد کامل برنامه ریزی LID-BMP برای کنترل رواناب شهری: مورد تحقیق ،منطقه دهکده المپیک پکن

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تعداد صفحات این فایل: ۲۱ صفحه

همراه با شهرگرایی سریع در چین، نگرانی هایی رخ داد و تبدیل به نگرانی کلیدی بسیاری از مسئولان شهری و مردم عامه می شود.از میان این مشکلات شهری،تاثیرات منفی جریان های شهری بر آب شناسی و کیفیت آب از جدی ترین موارد هستند.این تحقیق استفاده از فعالیت های توسعه کم اثر LID را بر کاهش تاثیرات جریان شهری بررسی می کند. BOV که به عنوان عامل تشریح مفهوم جامعه سبز مطرح شده است ، به عنوان مطالعه موردی برای تجزیه مزایای LID BMP بهینه بر کاهش حجم جریان و میزان پیک جریان می باشد. مدل مرکب SWMM-BMPDSS برای آنالیز مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.نتایج نشان داد که در مقایسه با شرایط موجود، برنامه پیشنهاد شده  BMP باعث کاهش ۲۷ و۲۱ درصدی حجم جریان آب باران  و میزان پیک جریان می شود.با استفاده از مدل BMPDSS ، اندازه BMP می تواند کاهش یابد و هدف کاهش هزینه یا افزایش مزایا را به دنبال داشته باشد. نتالیج تحقیق می تواند منجر به مطرح کردن پیشنهادات مفید برای اصلاح سیستم مدیریتی موجود در منطقهBOV،و دیگر مناطق شود تا بتوان به کنترل بیشتر جریان دست یافت.

عنوان انگلیسی:Planning of LID–BMPs for urban runoff control: The case of Beijing Olympic Village~~en~~

Introduction Presently, China is experiencing a very rapid process of urbanization, which brings adverse impact on the water environment. As a result, urban runoff quantity and quality control has emerged as a key concern for municipal officials [1,2]. One of the strategies for mitigating the impact of urbanization is the use of LID–BMPs for urban stormwater runoff quality and quantity control [3,4]. Before implementing the various BMPs, however, it is important, and necessary, to find the most cost-effective selection, design and placement of BMPs [5,6]. In the present study, a BMP implementation planning analysis was conducted using the Beijing Olympic Village (BOV) residential area as a case study. The BOV was used to house athletics from around the world during the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games and has since been converted to a residential complex. Some stormwater management practices were already in place, such as porous pavements, green roofs and rainwater cisterns. In the present study, various types of BMPs were first assessed to determine their suitability for use under local conditions in terms of both technical and economic considerations. The coupled SWMM– BMPDSS model was then used to calculate runoff peak rate and volume reductions under the three aforementioned planning scenarios. Using the local 2008 rainfall data, quantitative estimates of runoff volume and peak reduction rates under the three planning scenarios were obtained. Comparative reduction rates for selected types of LID–BMPs were then calculated. Finally, a BMP optimization analysis was made to find the type and design specifications of BMPs that would provide the most cost-effective, the best reduction rate for runoff control at the BOV. Results of this study would be very useful to the authorities in their planning process for improving the runoff control capabilities of the BOV stormwater management system. 2. Description of the Olympic Village site The Beijing Olympic Village is located at the north fringe of the main Olympic Stadium, or ‘‘Bird Nest’’ complex (see Fig. 1), which lies in the north central part of Beijing City. The BOV occupies an area of 36 ha, which includes residential, apartments and auxiliary facilities. Land uses in the BOV include 40% of the area for green spaces. There are 42 high-rise residential buildings; five public buildings; and a few leisure clubs. Fig. 2 shows the land use characteristics of the BOV area. A separate sewer system was built, with runoff generated from the BOV discharged into the City’s drainage network via 10 outlet points (see Fig. 3). The BOV was designed and built as a demonstration of the ‘‘green community’’ concept. However, the thrust of the original ‘‘green’’ design was more on landscaping beauty and rainwater storage than urban flood control and water quality benefits. The exiting rainwater management system did include some ‘‘LIDtype’’ BMPs such as green roofs and porous pavements. However, each facility was designed individually according to local runoff control guidelines and no ‘‘system-wide’’ or synergetic performance was considered. Also, no system-wide assessment of runoff control performance was implemented thus far, as research on stormwater management practices and the collection of necessary urban runoff data are just beginning to receive general attention in China [7–۹]. Consequently, there lies an opportunity to use the BOV study to demonstrate the use of modeling techniques for the evaluation of urban runoff systems for retrofit and/or expansion opportunities in order to gain enhanced runoff control benefits. BMPDSS model Runoff SWMM runoff Roof Road Grass Wood land Landuse information Drainage areas Rainwater pipe system BMPDSS preprocess BMP facility Rainwater pipe system BMPDSS input file Model computation BMPDSS output file BMPDSS post processor Topology Landscape DEM Rainfall data Weather data External data External data Fig. 5. The SWMM–BMPDSS modeling structure. Fig. 6. Layout of stormwater practices at the Beijing Olympic Village. H. Jia et al. / Separation and Purification Technology 84 (2012) 112–۱۱۹ ۱۱۵ Author’s personal copy 3. The LID–BMPs planning analysis framework The thrust of a watershed-based BMP planning analysis is the evaluation of the ‘‘combined’’, or synergic, effect of all the BMPs installed in the watershed at a prescribed evaluation point or points. The evaluation point could be the outlet of a watershed or any selected point or points upstream. In general, the planning analysis would include the following main elements: Baseline analysis – watershed climate, terrain, development, etc. and their spatial variations; natural and manmade drainage systems, and relevant social/economical information. BMP planning – selection and preliminary placement of BMPs. Data on the efficacy of various BMPs; construction and maintenance costs; watershed hydrology, soil characteristics and land uses, and public acceptance information are needed. BMP design, assessment and optimization – a preliminary design of BMPs, in terms of the placement, type and size, is assessed by using an analysis tool such as BMPDSS. The optimization analysis will help determine the final BMP design.

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