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تعداد صفحات این فایل: ۱۸ صفحه

بخشی از مقاله انگلیسیعنوان انگلیسی:Emotion Eliciting in Salt & Pepper~~en~~

Abstract

This paper describes the emotion elicitation process of the Salt & Pepper architecture for autonomous agents. Its main contributions are a general framework upon which it is possible to define different theories of emotion generation, the view of artificial emotion as an adaptive mechanism that is designed at the level of the agent architecture, and use and the discussion of several emotion eliciting mechanisms with special emphasis on non-cognitive emotion generation processes. We propose to add emotion eliciting inhibition times to emotion eliciting rules in order to avoid the repeated generation of the same emotion due to the same circumstances. Finally, we propose the conditioned emotion eliciting chunk, which sequentially generates conditioned emotions. This new emotion eliciting structure is useful to initiate emotion processes in stereotypical situations in which the initiated emotion depends on the emotion that has previously been generated. Our experiments were done during the SAFIRA European Project.

۱ Introduction

The goal of our work regarding emotions in artificial autonomous agents is to build agent architectures with general adaptive mechanisms capable of improving agent performance. Some of those mechanisms, which we call artificial emotions, have been inspired by roles played by natural emotions for living organisms. The result is a component based agent architecture called Salt & Pepper. Salt & Pepper agents are made of several components, each of which may be composed of several modules, including interaction management modules [Gonçalves, Jesus and Botelho 2003].

In the Salt & Pepper architecture, emotion is a sequential possibly iterative process comprising three stages:

Evaluation of the agent global state (i.e., external environment plus internal state)

Emotion generation (i.e., generation of emotion-signals)

Emotion-response, which is the way the agent responds to generated emotion signals.

In the evaluation stage, the agent global state (internal state and external environment) is partially evaluated so that it may be determined if the conditions for emotion elicitation are met. In the second stage, an emotion is initiated in case some emotion eliciting conditions are met, giving rise to an emotion signal. The generated emotion signal is sent to other components of the agent architecture possibly causing modification in the agent subsequent behaviour. One of the possible effects of emotion signals is to interrupt the current process being carried out by the agent working memory. This is exactly what was put forth by Simon more than 30 years ago [Simon 1967].

The paper describes experiments performed during the SAFIRA IST 1 project to create agents using the Salt & Pepper architecture. The main concern of the paper is the description of the used emotion generation mechanisms. The remaining of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the agent component architecture. Section 3 describes our experiments regarding mechanisms responsible for emotion generation (stages 1 and 2 of the emotion process described above). Section 4 describes related work. Finally, section 5 presents conclusions and it points directions for future developments.

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