فایل ورد کامل توصیف واریانس ژنتیکی موجود در درون یا میان جمعیت های آماری Sperara seenghola که از طریق علائم مشخصه DNA چندوجهی تقویت شده تصادفی صورت می گیرد.

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تعداد صفحات این فایل: ۲۰ صفحه

بخشی از مقاله انگلیسیعنوان انگلیسی:Characterization of genetic variance within and among five populations of Sperata seenghala (Skyes, 1839) revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers~~en~~

Abstract

The genetic diversity among five populations (Bhadbada reservoir, Mohinisagar reservoir, Bansagar reservoir, Bargi reservoir and Gandhisagar reservoir) was revealed using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. 10 random primers screened, 5 primers revealed various banding patterns and yielded 71 total loci as an average of which 39.60 (55.77%) were polymorphic between the population and 86.84% within the population of Sperata seenghala. Population wise the highest genetic polymorphism was obtained in Bhadbada reservoir as 67.61% whereas the lowest was in Gandhisagar reservoir as 49.30%. However, Analysis of Molecular Variance indicated low genetic diversity (Hpop = 0.0921 ± ۰۱۲۴۹; I = 0.1584 ± ۰۱۹۴۲) in Bansagar reservoir. Relative genetic differentiation (GST = 0.3993) and restricted gene flow (Nm = 0.7523) as an average indicated low gene diversity among the fish populations. The un-weighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) dendrogram showed 05 major clusters, each cluster representing a population. Fish population of Mohinisagar reservoir showed high genetic distance (0.3981) with respective Bargi reservoir population and highest genetic identity (0.8846) reflected between Bansagar and Gandhisagar reservoir. Highest genetic distance between Mohinisagar and Bargi reservoir fish populations shows no significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance of the genotypes collected from different lentic and geographical isolated water bodies. This investigation indicated that lowest genetic diversity existed in different geographic populations of S. seenghala. All the five populations were found to be low in genetic variation, which is useful information for future conservation measures of S. seenghala confined in natural water bodies of Madhya Pradesh.

۱ Introduction

Biological diversity has undergone restrictions due to direct and indirect anthropogenic activities. The reduction in the site of natural populations may have led to a reduction in evolutional options in the face of environmental changes due to loss of genetical diversity [1]. Most of the fishes used for human consumption are obtained from wild areas such as rivers and major lentic water bodies [2,3], therefore, natural populations are going toward threat. The management of the wild populations comprising commercial or sport fisheries presents genetic depletion that are unique to fisheries management and reduction of the genetic resources of natural fish populations has become an important fisheries management problem nowadays [4]. Successful conservation and effective management of a species, including developmental strategies for maintaining genetic diversity, is important to determine the levels of genetic changes or gene flow of genetic information which assist in solving problems of identifying and defining conservation unit for a species [5].

Sperata seenghala is also known as Mystus seenghala and Aorichthys seenghala and is mainly riverine fish, although it also inhabits in freshwater habitats [3,6]. This species is distributed throughout India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Nepal [7]. It is the most preferred fish species for eating in the north and north-western states of India because of its tasty flesh and the low number of intramuscular bones [3]. The entire demand for this fish in the domestic market is met through capture from rivers, thus, this species is going toward threats. Therefore, present investigation was performed to delineate the principles of the population genetics, testing the basic assumptions for population genetic analysis, departures from Hardy–Weinberg expectation, linkage disequilibrium between the loci, estimation of the genetic differentiation within and among populations using genetic distance, FST and gene flow analyses, determination of frequencies of genes and genotypes and estimation of effective population sizes has been outlined.

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