پاورپوینت کامل Water and Water Pollution 81 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Water and Water Pollution 81 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Will We Have Enough WaterWe are using available freshwater unsustainablywasting it polluting it charging too little for this irreplaceable natural resource.One of every six people do not have sufficient access to clean water, and this situation will almost certainly get worse.

اسلاید ۵: Importance and Availability of WaterWhy is water so importantEarth as a watery world – ۷۱%Freshwater availability – ۰.۰۲۴%Poorly managed resourceHydrologic cycleWater pollution

اسلاید ۶: Confining impermeable rock layerLess permeable material such as clayStreamWellrequiringa pumpLakeUnconfined aquiferFlowingartesian wellRunoffConfinedRechargeAreaWatertableConfined aquiferInfiltrationEvaporationEvaporation and transpirationInfiltrationUnconfined Aquifer Recharge AreaRecharge Unconfined AquiferPrecipitation

اسلاید ۷: GroundwaterZone of saturationWater tableAquifersNatural recharge

اسلاید ۸: Surface WaterSurface runoffWatershed (drainage) basinReliable runoff – ۱/۳ of totalRunoff useDomestic – ۱۰%Agriculture – ۷۰%Industrial use – ۲۰%

اسلاید ۹: Case Study: Freshwater Resources in the United StatesUneven distributionContaminationEastern U.S.Western U.S.Groundwater withdrawal – ۵۰%

اسلاید ۱۰: Stepped ArtAverage annual precipitation (centimeters)Less than 4141-8181-122More than 122Acute shortageShortageAdequate supplyMetropolitan regions with population greater than 1 million

اسلاید ۱۱: Water Hot Spots in Western States

اسلاید ۱۲: Freshwater ShortagesCauses of water scarcityDry climateToo many people1 of 6 people – no regular access to clean waterOver one billion have no access to improved drinking water According to the U.N. childrens agency UNICEF, polluted water and lack of basic sanitation claim the lives of over 1.5 million children every year, mostly from water-borne diseases.

اسلاید ۱۳: While most people living in Western Europe can access safe water, only 50% of people living in Central Africa can do this. The largest population without access to safe tap water is in China (25%)wa/index.php/Unsafe_Water

اسلاید ۱۴: Stress on World’s River Basins

اسلاید ۱۵: How Can We Increase Water Supplies Groundwater used to supply cities and grow food is being pumped from aquifers in some areas faster than it is renewed by precipitation.Using dams, reservoirs, and transport systems to transfer water to arid regions has increased water supplies in those areas, but has disrupted ecosystems and displaced people.

اسلاید ۱۶: How Can We Increase Water Supplies We can convert salty ocean water to freshwater, but the cost is high, and the resulting salty brine must be disposed of without harming aquatic or terrestrial ecosystems.

اسلاید ۱۷: Increasing Freshwater SuppliesWithdrawing groundwaterDams and reservoirsTransporting surface waterDesalinationWater conservationBetter use of natural hydrologic cycle

اسلاید ۱۸: Aquifer Depletion from Groundwater Overdraft in the United States

اسلاید ۱۹: Saltwater Intrusion into Coastal Water Wells

اسلاید ۲۰: Trade-offs of Large Dams and Reservoirs

اسلاید ۲۱: California Water Project and Central Arizona Project

اسلاید ۲۲: Aral Sea DisasterLarge-scale water transfers in dry central AsiaSalinityWetland destruction and wildlifeFish extinctions and fis