پاورپوینت کامل (Internetwork operation (chapter 16 50 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل (Internetwork operation (chapter 16 50 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Interior Router Protocol (IRP)Passes routing information between routers within ASMay be more than one AS in internetRouting algorithms and tables may differ between different ASRouters need some info about networks outside their ASUsed exterior router protocol (ERP)IRP needs detailed modelERP supports summary information on reachability

اسلاید ۵: Application of IRP and ERP

اسلاید ۶: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)For use with TCP/IP internetsPreferred EGP of the InternetMessages sent over TCP connectionsOpenUpdateKeep aliveNotificationProceduresNeighbor acquisitionNeighbor reachabilityNetwork reachability

اسلاید ۷: BGP Messages

اسلاید ۸: BGP ProcedureOpen TCP connectionSend Open messageIncludes proposed hold timeReceiver selects minimum of its hold time and that sentMax time between Keep alive and/or update messages

اسلاید ۹: Message TypesKeep AliveTo tell other routers that this router is still hereUpdateInfo about single routes through internetList of routes being withdrawnIncludes path infoOrigin (IGP or EGP)AS_Path (list of AS traversed)Next_hop (IP address of boarder router)Multi_Exit_Disc (Info about routers internal to AS)Local_pref (Inform other routers within AS)Atomic_Aggregate, Aggregator (Uses address tree structure to reduce amount of info needed)

اسلاید ۱۰: Uses of AS_Path and Next_HopAS_PathEnables routing policyAvoid a particular ASSecurityPerformanceQualityNumber of AS crossedNext_HopOnly a few routers implement BGPResponsible for informing outside routers of routes to other networks in AS

اسلاید ۱۱: Notification MessageMessage header errorAuthentication and syntaxOpen message errorSyntax and option not recognizedUnacceptable hold timeUpdate message errorSyntax and validity errorsHold time expiredConnection is closedFinite state machine errorCeaseUsed to close a connection when there is no error

اسلاید ۱۲: BGP Routing Information ExchangeWithin AS, router builds topology picture using IGPRouter issues Update message to other routers outside AS using BGPThese routers exchange info with other routers in other ASRouters must then decide best routes

اسلاید ۱۳: Open Shortest Path First (1)OSPFIGP of InternetReplaced Routing Information Protocol (RIP)Uses Link State Routing AlgorithmEach router keeps list of state of local links to networkTransmits update state infoLittle traffic as messages are small and not sent oftenRFC 2328Route computed on least cost based on user cost metric

اسلاید ۱۴: Open Shortest Path First (2)Topology stored as directed graphVertices or nodesRouterNetworkTransitStubEdgesGraph edgeConnect two routerConnect router to network

اسلاید ۱۵: Sample AS

اسلاید ۱۶: Directed Graph of AS

اسلاید ۱۷: OperationDijkstra’s algorithm (Appendix 10A) used to find least cost path to all other networksNext hop used in routing packets

اسلاید ۱۸: Integrates Services ArchitectureChanges