پاورپوینت کامل Performance And Power Benchmarking 18 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Performance And Power Benchmarking 18 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: ۴۱۰/۲۴/۰۵ ELEC6500Execution TimeElapsed Time – total time to complete a task, including disk accesses, memory accesses, I/O activities, operating systems overhead, etc.CPU Time – the time the CPU spends computing for the task and does not include time spent waiting for I/O or running other programs ( response time = elapsed time not the CPU time )User CPU Time – the CPU time spent in the programSystem CPU Time – the CPU time spent in the operating system performing tasks on behalf of the program

اسلاید ۵: ۵۱۰/۲۴/۰۵ ELEC6500Computing CPU Execution TimeComputers are constructed using a clock that runs at a constant rate and determines when event take place in the hardware. These discrete time intervals are called clock cycles. Clock rate is the inverse of clock period.CPU Execution time = CPU clock cycles * Clock cycle for a program for a program timeCPU clock cycles = Instructions * Average clock cycles for a program per instruction CPU Time = Instruction count * CPI * Clock cycle timeSeconds = Instruction * Clock cycles * Seconds ———- ———— ————- ——— Program Program Instruction Clock cycles

اسلاید ۶: ۶۱۰/۲۴/۰۵ ELEC6500Evaluating PerformanceThe computer may be evaluated using a set of BENCHMARKS – programs specifically chosen to measure the performance.The benchmarks form a workload that the user hopes will predict the performance of the actual workload.“Synthetic” benchmarks – specially created programs that impose the workload on the component“Application” benchmarks – run actual real-world programs on the system.Application Benchmarks usually give a much better measure of real world performance on a given system, synthetic benchmarks still have their use for testing out individual components like a hard disk or networking device.

اسلاید ۷: ۷۱۰/۲۴/۰۵ ELEC6500Types Of BenchmarksReal ProgramWord processing softwareTool software of CDAUser`s application software (MIS)KernelContains key codesNormally abstracted from actual programPopular kernel-Livermore loopLinpack benchmark (contains basic linear algebra subroutine written in FORTRAN language)Results are represented in MFLOPSToy BenchmarkUser can program it and use it to test computer`s basic components.

اسلاید ۸: ۸۱۰/۲۴/۰۵ ELEC6500Types of BenchmarksSynthetic BenchmarkProcedure for programming synthetic benchmarkTake statistics of all type of operations from plenty of application programsGet proportion of each operationWrite a program based on the proportion aboveIts results are represented in KWIPS (Kilo Whetstone Instructions Per Second). Not suitable for measuring pipeline computersTypes of Synthetic BenchmarksWhetstone – is a benchmark for evaluating the power of computers. It was first written in Algol60 at the National Physical Laboratory in the United Kingdom. It originally measured computing power in units of kilo-WIPS. Results for a variety of languages, compilers and system architectures have been obtained and modern workstations typically achieve more than 1,000,000 kWIPS. It primarily measures the floating point arithmetic performance.

اسلاید ۹: ۹۱۰/۲۴/۰۵ ELEC6500Types of Benchmarks Types of Synthetic BenchmarksDhrystone – is a benchmark invented in 1984 by Reinhold P. Weicker. It contains no floating point operations, thus the name is a pun on the then popular Whetstone benchmark for floating point operations. The o/p from the benchmark is the number of Dhrystones per second (the number of iterations of the main code loop per second). One common representation of the Dhrystone benchmark is the DMIP-Dhrystone MIPS-obtained when the Dhrystone score is divided by 1,757 (the number of Dhrystones per second obtained on the VAX 11/780, a 1 MIPS machine). The Dhrystone benchmark contains mainly integer and string operations. But like most synthetic benchmarks, the Dhrystone benchmark is not particularly useful in measuring the performance of real-world computer systems and has fallen into disuse replaced by benchmarks that more closely resemble typical actual usage.

اسلاید ۱۰: ۱۰۱۰/۲۴/۰۵ ELEC6500SPECThe Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) is a non-profit organization that aims to produce fair, impartial and meaningful benchmarks for computers. SPEC was founded in 1988 and is financed by its member organizations which include all leading computer & software manufacturers. SPEC benchmarks are widely used today in evaluating the performance of computer systems.The benchmarks aims to test real-life situations. SPEC_WEB, for example, tests web servers performance by performing various types of parallel HTTP requests, and SPEC_CPU tests CPU performance by measuring the run time of several programs such as the compiler gcc and the chess program crafty. The various tasks are assigned weights based on their perceived importance; these weights are used to compute a single benchmark result in the end.SPEC benchmarks are written in a platform neutral programming language (usually C or FORTRAN) and the interested parties may compile the code using whatever compiler they prefer for their platform, but may not change the code. Manufacturers have been known to optimize their compilers to improve performance of the various SPEC benchmarks.

اسلاید ۱۱: ۱۱۱۰/۲۴/۰۵ ELEC6500Various Current SPEC BenchmarksSPEC CPU2000,combined performance of CPU, memory and compilerCIN2000 (“SPECint”) ,testing integer arithmetic, with programs such as compilers, interpreters, word processors, chess programs, etc.CFP2000(“SPECfp”) , testing fl