پاورپوینت کامل Traditional Medicine & Herbal Technology in India 44 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل Traditional Medicine & Herbal Technology in India 44 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: Traditional Medicine in IndiaThe Traditonal Medicine in India function through two streams:1. Folk stream: Comprising mostly the oral traditions practiced by the rural villagers. The carriers of these traditons are millions of housewives, thousands of traditional birth attendants, bone setters, village practitioners skilled in acupressure, eye treatments, treatment of snake bites, and traditional village physicians/herbal healers, the ‘vaidyas’ or the tribal physicians. These streams of inherited traditions are together known as ‘local health traditions’(LHT). LHT represent an autonomous, community –supported living tradition. It is still alive and runs parallel and the great service the LHT render to the primary health care needs of the indian rural mass often goes unnotied due to the dominance of the western medicine

اسلاید ۵: Traditional Medicine in India (Contd)2. Classical stream –Organized systems(1) This comprises of the codified and organized medicinal wisdom with sophisticated theoretical foundations and philosophical explanations expressed in several classical texts like Charaka Samhita, Susrutha Samhita, Bhela Samhita, and hundreds of other treatises (including some in the regional language) covering all branches of medicine and surgery. Systems like Ayurveda, Sidha, Unani, Amchi or Tibetan are expressions of these classical streams.

اسلاید ۶: Local Health Traditions (LHT) The folklore medicine or LHT is again at two levels:Rural village based: This involves home remedies practiced at almost every home, mostly by the mothers and grand mothers – to specialized individuals, healers or family traditions treating single or general ailment. This system is mostly oral in tradition except in certain cases mostly in Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat where some written tradition maintained through hand written transcripts in local languages, some of which are now been available in printed form. Such village folklore medicine or LHT involve the use of about 5000 plant species with about 25,000 or more formulations for treating a variety of human ailments.

اسلاید ۷: Traditional CarrierSubjectsNos.Housewives and eldersHome remedies, Food and nutritionMillionsTraditional birth attendantsNormal deliveries7 lakhsHerbal healersCommon ailments3 lakhsBone-setters Visha Vaidhyas (Snake, Scorpion, Dog)OrthopedicsNatural poisons60,00060,000Specialists*Nethra*Skin*Respiratory*Dental*Arthritis*Mental Diseases*Liver*GIT*Wounds*Fistula Piles *1000 in each areaSource – Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), Bangalore Folk-medicine carriers of village-based health traditions in India

اسلاید ۸: ۲. Tribal based: This is practiced by the tribal communities who inhabit in and around the forests. This tradition is currently fast eroding due to the change of life style of the tribal people. India has over 67.8 million tribal people belonging to 550 communities of 227 ethnic groups as per the classification made by anthropologists on linguistic basis. They inhabit in about 5000-forested villages or lead a nomadic life in the forest. Each tribal community has a distinct social and cultural identity of its own and speaks a common dialect. There are about 116 different dialects and 227 subsidiary dialects spoken by tribals in India. According to a recent study conducted by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India, under the “All India Coordinated Project on Ethnobiology” (AICRPE- 1992-1998; Pushpangadan 1994), over 10000 wild plants are reported to be used by tribals for meeting their primary health care, food and material requirements (Figure 1). About 8000 wild plant species are used by the Indian tribes for a variety of medicinal purposes, which cover about 1,75,000 specific preparations/applications (Pushpangadan 2002); of these 2000 species are found to be new claims and worthy of scientific scrutiny. Local Health Traditions (Contd.)

اسلاید ۹: Indian System of MedicinesThe promotive, preventive, corrective and curative approach in health care and the medicinal plants possessing such properties are indeed the strength of the Indian Systems of medicine (ISM). The ancient masters of Ayurveda and Siddha had organized, codified and synthesized the medical wisdom with sophisticated theoretical foundation and philosophical explanations. They adopted the fundamental doctrines of “Darshana” philosophy, particularly the ‘Nyaya’, ‘Sankhya’ and ‘Vaiseshika’, which encompassed all sciences – physical, chemical, biological and spiritual. While ‘Darshana’ philosophers discussed and debated their theories, Ayurvedic masters put them to practical test and applied them successfully to interpret the laws governing the material objects of the universe and the dynamics of biological evolution. The modern physicists and biologists are now demonstrating the precision and exactness of many such cosmological theories and other rationale and hypothetical assumptions intuitively discovered and developed by the ancient Indian sages. It is quite logical to say that a serious and in-depth study and research on the vast treasure – trove of Ayurvedic and Siddha systems of medicine, particularly their theoretical bases and philosophical explanations may open up new exciting avenues of knowledge in understanding diseases and health.

اسلاید ۱۰: Indian System of Medicines (Contd)RasayanaRasayana (Rejuvenation Therapy) is a speciality of Ayurveda, which mainly deals with the preservation and promotion of health. It promotes longevity and prevents or delays the aging process. Rasayana promotes rsistance against infections and other causative factors for the disease by maintaining the equilibrium of Vata, Pitta and Kapha. The Rasayana, if administered at an early age, also helps the body metabolism in such a way that he genetic predisposition for a particular disease is avoided and the intensity of the symptoms of a particular disease is greatly reduced.

اسلاید ۱۱: PanchakarmaPanchakarma (Purification Therapy) deals mainly with the removal of toxins and waste materials from the body to purify the biological system from gross channels to eradicate the disease completely. It is helpful in the prevention of disease and preservation and promotion of health, as well as the management of psychosomatic, neurological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and many other chronic, degenerative diseases and iatrogenic conditions. Panchakaram plays a vital role in Ayurvedic therapeutics and occupies an important place in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. This five-fold purification theraphy, a classical form of treatment in Ayurveda, includes Vamana (emesis), Virechana (Purgation), Asthapana (Decoction enema), Anuvasana (Oily enema) and Nasya (Nasal Insufflation). Indian System of Medicines (Contd)

اسلاید ۱۲: Indian System of Medicines (Contd)PizhichilIn this therapeutic measure, warm medicated oil is poured all over the body followed by massage, in seven positions in a systematic manner for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system like paralysis, sciatica, osteoarthiritis, musculo-skeletal, neuro-muscular and degenerative diseases. Pizhichil is very useful as a health restorative measure for elderly persons when it is regularly used once a year or so. This treament cleanses the minute channels in the body of morbid substances.ShirobastiThis is an oil treatment applied to the head in which a leather belt is tied to ht clean shaven scalp. The junction of scalp and leather beld is sealed with paste prepared from wheatflour or black gram. Medicated oil is then poured into it and kept for the stipulated time. This is recommended for headaches, myopial conditions, insomnia, psychiatriac illnesses, epilepsy, hair fal, etc. It improves the functioning of the sensory systems and removes exhaustion.

اسلاید ۱۳: Indian System of Medicines (Contd)ShirodharaThis therapeutic measure is carried out by pouring oil or medicated liquids on the forehead for treating headaches, vertigo, insomnia, aپاورپوینت کامل Traditional Medicine & Herbal Technology in India 44 اسلاید در PowerPointiety, etc. It is also useful in many psychosomatic disorders and hypertension.KsharasutraThis Alkaline Thread threpy is a popular herbal treatment for ano-rectal diseases likes fistula-in-Ano and haemorrhoids (piles) under the speciality of Shalyatandra are prepared from plants like Arka and Snuhi by using their milk or herbal alkaline material and typing a the site. The advantage of this therapy is that the patients may remain mobile during the treatment. It can also be carried out on patients for whom modern surgery is contra-indicated.

اسلاید ۱۴: ۱. Determine PRAKRUTI (Constitution) by -history taking -Observations .NIDANA (Diagnosis) Nature, degree and extent of imbalance of Tridoshas. Library of 5800 clinical signs and symptoms in Ayurvedic texts .Chronobiology: Impact of season, time and environment on Tridoshas. .SWASTHAVRUTA: Life style modification.AHARA: Dietary modifications .PANCHAKARMA: Purification of the body .AUSHADHI: Designer Medicine unique for the particular patient prepared from a Pharmacopoeia utilising 1200 plants, 100 minerals and 100 animal products in numerous formulations. THE AYURVEDIC THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY

اسلاید ۱۵: Some Ancient Treatise1. Agni Purana: treatment of cattle and horse2. Garuna Purana: treatment of horse and elephants3. Shalihotra Samhita: Treatment of diseases of horse4. Matasya Purana: mentions older treatise by Pakapya muni and Somaputra Budh for treating fishes5. Shyama Shastra: Middle ages. Treatment of birds, specially pigeonsVeterinary Physicians in Mahabharat Dronacharya specially trained Nakula and Sahdev in treatment of horsesNakula is said to have authored a treatise on horsesNala was an expert in treatment of horses and also called Ashwavid[Prachin Bharat Mein Vigyan aur Shilpa; S.N. Kapur, 1998] TREATMENT OF ANIMALS IN AYURVEDA

اسلاید ۱۶: MEDICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH IN INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINESHospitals 3004 with 60666 bedsDispensaries23028Hospitals & Dispensaries of ISM & Homeopathy in India Medical education facilities in IndiaSystemColleges UndergraduatePost graduateAyurveda19855Unani395Siddha22Homeopathy16617Total40577Admission capacity16845821

اسلاید ۱۷: MEDICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH IN INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINES (Contd.)Number of Ayurveda colleges – Statewise No.Name of StateNo.