پاورپوینت کامل World medicine in the middle ages 128 اسلاید در PowerPoint

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پاورپوینت کامل World medicine in the middle ages 128 اسلاید در PowerPoint

اسلاید ۴: MEDIEVAL MEDICINE TIMELINEEarly Middle Ages 5th cent. A.D. ancientRenaissanceLater Middle Ages 10th cent. A.D.

اسلاید ۵: monksfolk healersuniversity trained physiciansMedieval Medicine

اسلاید ۶: Medieval MedicineThe first medical university was founded in the tenth century in Salerno, Italy where Greek manuscripts written by such physicians as Hippocrates were studied.

اسلاید ۷: Medieval Medicine and the Four Humors Theorydrymoisthotcoldsanguinecholermelancholia phlegm

اسلاید ۸: !notable!Doctrine of Signaturescolour of flowers and other properties of plants indicated their usefulness in treating particular diseases Medieval Medicine

اسلاید ۹: Devine RetributionDue to this belief, many of the sick took pilgrimages in the hopes of recovering by making peace with God. Medieval Medicine

اسلاید ۱۰: This belief, however, did not stop the monks, who were the most literate of the general population, from applying what they had learned by making copies of the ancient medical texts. Each monastery had an infirmary where treatment was available with herbal remedies, based on those prescribed by Hippocrates and others, made from plants cultivated in their gardens. Medieval Medicine

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اسلاید ۱۲:

اسلاید ۱۳: Thus, there were: university trained physicians, all men, who were based in towns and cities and served the wealthyfolk healers, usually women, in the rural areashealers in the religious orders, who incorporated both aspects of healing into their practicesMedieval Medicine

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اسلاید ۱۸: Physicians were scholars who studied at universities. In order to be declared a physician, a student had to prove himself able to recite, lecture and debate the contents of his studies. Medieval Medical Practitioners

اسلاید ۱۹:

اسلاید ۲۰: Surgeons belonged to the working class and did the jobs that were considered beneath physicians, such as bloodletting and pulling teeth. Most surgeries were performed by the barber/surgeon. The most common operations were for hernias, gallstones and cesarean section. Medieval Medical Practitioners

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اسلاید ۲۳: During the early medieval centuries it was the monks who copied out manuscripts of the works of Hipocrates and other Greek or Latin medical writers. There is evidence that they practiced the medical knowledge they obtained as scribes. Each monastery had an infirmary for its ailing and aged members. Medical aid would also be provided to the poor, travelers and pilgrims who visited. Some monks gained such a reputation for being skilled healers that they were sought out by lay patients. In some cases the care of such outsiders gave rise to hospitals apart from the monks infirmaries. Medieval Medical Practitioners

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اسلاید ۲۶: Dentatores were the dentists of the medieval era and were so expensive that usually only the very rich could afford their services. They removed decay, which was believed to be caused by worms, and filled teeth with ground bone. Gold was used for filling cavities by the fifteenth century. They repaired loose teeth with metal bindings and made dentures from ox and other animal bones. Medieval Medical Practitioners

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اسلاید ۲۸: Herbalists (Folk Healers). Practitioners of popular healing varied widely from place to place within Europe. In some areas the healers were mostly women; in other they were predominantly men. In some places the secrets of healing were passed only from woman to woman or from men to men, but in other regions the gender alternated with each transmission. In some places healers were thought to possess inherited skills and if an attempt was made to pass these skills to people without these inherited gifts, they would be ineffectual. Medieval Medical Practitioners

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اسلاید ۳۰: Midwives were taught their duties by other midwives or were introduced into the craft by fathers or husbands who were medical men. Midwives were usually apprenticed to older more experienced midwives. The only requirement for becoming a candidate for midwifery was a statement from the parish priest attesting to the applicants good character. Medieval Medical Practitioners

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اسلاید ۳۴: Byzantine MedicineIn Byzantine times (from about 400 AD to 1453 AD) medicine shows, but little originality. The work handed down to us are all compilations, but as they frequently contain excerpts from lost works they are of some historical value.

اسلاید ۳۵: Byzantine MedicineByzantine physicians often compiled and standardized medical knowledge into